What makes it difficult for graduates to find jobs 大学生就(3)

学生就业难,难在哪?

如果通用能力，比如沟通与问题解决有时比学生在高校里学到的专业知识还重要，那么高等教育的目的又是什么？我们就这个问题电话采访了21世纪教育研究院的副院长熊丙奇。他曾出版过多部关于中国高等教育的著作。

If transferrable skills such as communication and problem-solving are sometimes even more important than academic knowledge students learn at college, then what is the purpose of higher education? We directed our questions to Xiong Bingqi, the vice-president at the 21 Century Education Research Institute. He's written a number of books on China's higher education.

熊丙奇：教育分为精英教育和通俗教育，还有就是职业教育。进行通俗教育的学校，基本上是淡化专业界线，然后培养的学生的基础能力和基础素质。这些学生不是按照他（们）的专业就业是很正常的。我觉得随着社会的发展，越来越多的学生可能会专业不对口就业。那么在这种情况下，专业其实只是培养学生能力的载体，所谓的―教育是不是浪费了，人才是不是浪费了‖，如果仅仅是以专业和就业的对口来评价，这样的观念已经都过时了。

Xiong Bingqi: There are three types of education: elite education, mass education and

vocational education. At universities offering mass education, the boundaries between majors are mild. They mainly focus on developing students' basic skills and qualities. It's quite normal for these students to choose jobs irrelevant to their majors. I think as society develops, more and more students will choose jobs irrelevant to their majors. Under such circumstances, majors, in fact, are merely platforms where students can be trained. If you evaluate the

efficiency of education only based on the degree of match between majors and jobs, you are quite outdated.

冯欣：那您刚刚提到一个词，―精英教育‖，什么是精英教育呢？

Feng Xin: You just mentioned "elite education". What kind of education is that?

熊丙奇：这种精英教育不是培养所谓的精英的，它实际上就是进行通俗教育，关注的其实是学生基础能力、基础素养教育的这样一些学校。那么现在这些学校被认为是好学校，集中了优质教育资源的这些学校。因此我们现在就形成单一的链条，从好小学到好初中到好高中，再到好的大学，最后到好的工作，那这样的话，只有这种成才模式是被社会认可的。

Xiong Bingqi: Elite education is not to cultivate the so-called "elites". Elite education is indeed mass education, which focuses on developing students' basic skills and qualities. Now these schools are considered good universities, because they concentrate high-quality education

学生就业难,难在哪?

resources. Therefore, we now have formed a singular chain: Students have to attend good elementary schools, good secondary schools, good high schools, good colleges, and (will eventually get) good jobs. Only such a chain of personal development is recognized by the society.

冯欣：您刚才提到通俗教育、职业教育、精英教育，那我有一个问题，我们大学教育的任务到底应该是什么呢？

Feng Xin: You just mentioned we have mass education, vocational education and elite education. Then, my question is: What exactly is the purpose of higher education?

熊丙奇：它实际上就是满足不同的价值层面的需求，总体来说就是（使）每个个体更加完善。所以说如果我们只重视了高等教育一方面的价值，就是它的就业的价值，或者功利的价值，那么这样就会使得高等教育整体的大学精神可能就会堕落，最后的结果就是整个社会会陷入非常功利的环境之中。

Xiong Bingqi: In fact, it is to fulfill different needs and values. That is to say, to help every individual become complete. If we only focus on one of the values higher education offers – that of finding jobs or its utilitarian value – the spirit of higher education will be corrupted. As a result, the whole society will be dragged into a very utilitarian environment.

冯欣：熊博士，我们采访的一些大学生告诉我们，他们求职时感到很迷茫，说不知道自己能做什么、想做什么，您认为造成的大学生这种迷茫的原因是什么呢？

Feng Xin: Dr Xiong, some college graduates we interviewed told us they felt very confused when looking for jobs. They had no idea what they can do or want to do. What factors do you think have contributed to their confusion?

熊丙奇：我觉得这跟我们整个中国的教育体系和社会环境是有关系的。因为在基础教育阶段，我们很多的学生，他们实际上是被父母、被老师包办代替，他们是―被规划‖―被管理‖，没有自主规划、自我管理的能力和意识。甚至到了大学，这种教育也是蜻蜓点水的。我们国家教育部曾经发文要求，所有大学都必须开设大学生职业生涯规划课，但是现在真正开设这个课程的学校还是很少，很多学校对学生的职业生涯规划就是一两次讲座，往往就是宣讲一些政策。那么这段时间学生对自己的个性的分析、能力的分析，对自己职业的定位，都不清楚。

Xiong Bingqi: I think it has to do with China's entire education system and social environment. During the phase of basic education, a lot of students are taken care of by their parents and teachers in terms of everything. They are planned and managed. They rarely have the ability

学生就业难,难在哪?

and sense of self-planning and self-management. Even when they go to college, this kind of education is still just scratching the surface. The Ministry of Education has formally required all universities to offer career-planning courses, but very few universities have really done that. In many schools, career planning means only one or two lectures about some policies. During university years, students can hardly analyze their personalities, skills or career prospective.

所以有些学生（对于）现在要在中学进行职业生涯规划教育，（这个）很好，但是觉得也没有意义。我学了职业生涯规划课程，我懂得了生涯规划的重要性，但是回到现实中我没办法去规划自己。我想选择我喜欢、感兴趣的课程，你学校提供吗？或者说，我敢选吗？因此，没有这个选择空间，就谈不上这个选择能力的问题。所以说我们一直是计划体制下成长出来的，然后到了就业的时候全都是市场机制了，这个时候你要选择了，所以说学生就不知道怎么选择了。这样的结果是什么？就是我们中国的学生，花了12年的时间努力地、辛苦地学习，进入大学，再到大学四年辛苦地努力学习，最后变成整个社会并不受欢迎的人，这就是我们付 …… 此处隐藏：3554字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……