What makes it difficult for graduates to find jobs 大学生就(2)

学生就业难,难在哪?

要求。大部分要求求职者有高中文化程度，在这38.5%中，有超过60%的用人单位要求中等职业技术学历。在所有对文化程度有要求的用人单位中，只有8.5%要求求职者有大学学历。 In 2011, China provided nearly 20.7 million jobs for 19.6 million job seekers. This means for every 100 candidates there were 106 jobs available. The ratio went up to 100:108 in the first quarter of 2012. These numbers come from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social

Security's job market monitoring of about 100 Chinese cities.Eighty-eight percent of employers have specific education requirements for job candidates. Many require a high school education. Of that 38.5 percent, more than 60 percent require professional diplomas. Of employers who do have education requirements, only 8.5 percent require university diplomas or bachelor's degrees.

三月，一家独立研究机构，麦可思研究院，对中国2000多所大学的25万名大学毕业生进行了问卷调查。根据麦可思的研究报告，2011年，中国有600多万名大学毕业生，其中90.2%在毕业后6个月找到了工作。但是这家机构还发现，在已经找到工作的这些大学毕业生中，有14%的人从事着与自己专业不相关的职业，并处于当地月收入最低的25%的人群中。

In March, My China Occupational Skills, or MyCOS, an independent research institute,

conducted a survey of more than 250,000 college graduates from more than 2,000 Chinese universities and colleges. According to MyCOS, China had 6 million college graduates in 2011, and 90.2 percent of them found jobs six months after they graduated. However, the institute estimates that 14 percent of these employed college graduates are working in fields irrelevant to their majors and in the bottom 25 percent in terms of income in their local regions.

麦可思将大专院校的专业分为红牌、黄牌和绿牌专业。红牌专业失业率最高，月收入最低而且就业满意度最低；绿牌专业的所有这些指标都是最佳的；黄牌专业居中。根据麦可思的排名，红牌专业包括很多热门的专业，如动画、法学、生物技术、生物科学与工程、英语以及国际经济与贸易等。黄牌专业包括计算机科学与技术、艺术、设计、工商管理和汉语言文学等。绿牌专业包括地质工程、石油工程、采矿工程、船舶与海洋工程以及审计学等。

MyCOS categorizes university and college majors into red, yellow and green signs. Red indicates majors that receive the highest unemployment rate, lowest wages and most

dissatisfaction from employees. Green sign majors, however, indicate the best ones in terms of these criteria, and the yellow sign majors sit in the middle. According to MyCOS's ratings, red sign university majors include popular ones like animation, law, biotechnology, biological engineering, English and international economics and trade. The yellow sign category includes majors like computer science, art, design, business administration and Chinese language and literature. The green sign category, however, includes majors like geological engineering, petroleum engineering, mining engineering, naval architecture and ocean engineering and auditing.

学生就业难,难在哪?

这些分类向我们传达什么信息呢？我们采访了麦可思研究院的执行院长郭娇。

What can such categorization tell us? We talked to Guo Jiao, MyCOS' chief research officer.

冯欣：我们经常看到的一个现象是，一方面用人单位时常抱怨招不到理想中的人，招不到想要的人，而一方面求职的人又招不到这样的雇主，这个现象是怎么回事？是什么原因导致的？ Feng Xin: We often see the situation of employers having difficulties in finding people they want, while jobseekers can't find the employers (they want). How does this happen?

郭娇：这个现象其实归纳一下，我们常说的一种―不匹配‖，就是你刚才说的这种，雇主他的需要和有求职期待和意愿的毕业生之间，他们出现了一种不匹配的现象。我觉得要从两个方面来看，一个方面就像我们刚才说到的那些绿牌专业，尤其是工程学，不是所有的高校都能够马上给学生提供这方面的培养过程，然后马上培养出这些行业所需要的人才，就是它不能补充这个缺口。另一个方面，这些毕业生，尤其是中国的毕业生，他在选择专业的时候，他在高中的时候，他选择的这个专业或学校可能是他的父母决定的，甚至是他的高中老师决定的，然后在进入大学之后，中国的高校有个特点，你转换专业，或者说你退学再去报考其他学校，这种的机会很少，而且成本也很高。所以这些学生的不匹配可能在他填高考志愿、进到大学以后就已经发生了。 Guo Jiao: This is what we often call a "mismatch." Like you said, it's a mismatch between employers' needs and college graduates' expectations. There are two sides of the story. One the one hand, take the green sign majors like engineering as an example. Not all universities can provide students with relevant training in a short time and turn them into the type of talent that industries need. Universities can't fill in the gap.On the other hand, those graduates, especially Chinese graduates, were made to choose certain majors when they were about to enter college. Their majors were possibly determined by their parents or even their high school teachers. When they do go to college – there is something special about China's higher education – if a student wants to switch majors or transfer to another college, the odds are very small, and it won't be cost-efficient. Therefore, the mismatch might have happened as early as they took the college entrance exam and first entered college.

现在这种情况下，半年内毕业生的离职情况这么高，那么高校在想，我真正准备毕业生是他们的第一份工作，还是他们三年、五年、十年以后真正适合他们个人发展愿景的这样一份工作？也可能是他们的最后一份工作。

Under such circumstances, when a large number of graduates quit their job within six months, universities should be thinking whether they should prepare graduates with their first jobs or

学生就业难,难在哪?

the jobs students will have in three, five or 10 years – the jobs that really meet each individual's prospects. These jobs may also be their last jobs.

冯欣：那您的意见是什么呢？大学应该怎么考虑呢？

Feng Xin: What's your opinion? What should colleges consider?

郭娇：大学首先应该跟踪他们的毕业生，应该及时地收集他们 …… 此处隐藏：4800字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……