新视野研究生英语读说写2_课文和翻译(6)

对女性来说，这个提议实质上就是被称为“人生排”的策略。正如社会学家菲利斯.莫恩提到的，他的主要困难”在于照料孩子的时光也正是建立事业的年纪。两者损失都无法再以后弥补。然而我想说在事业上的损失都能够弥补的。而养孩子的损失却是无法弥补的。为了使有幼孩子的家庭能够只靠一份收入生活，我们应该设立—几乎所有工业化国家早就已经有的---育儿假以及儿童补贴项目。另外，为了帮助补偿女性由于一段时间不在职场而遇到的工作或者事业挫折，我们应该考虑类似“退伍军人补贴金的方法”，使他们重新就业时给予母亲以经济补贴和工作优先权。总之，必须让女性感到照料小孩是一项重要的工作，是受到就业群体尊重的。

(6)According to this proposal, the mother and not the father ordinarily would be the primary caretaker of infants. This is because of fundamental biological differences between the sexes that assume great importance in childrearing, as discussed above. The father should be an active supporter of the mother-child bond during this period, however, as well as auxiliary homemaker and care provider. Fathers should expect to spend far more time in domestic pursuits than their own fathers did. Their work should include not only the male s traditional care of the house as a physical structure and of the yard and car, but in many cases cooking, cleaning, and child care, the exact distribution of such activities depending on the individual skills and talents of the partners. And, as noted above, after children reach age eighteen months it may be desirable for the father and not the mother to become the primary caretaker. This means that places of employment must make allowances for substantial flex-time and part-time job absence for fathers as well as for mothers.

根据这个提议，母亲而不是父亲成为婴儿的主要照看人。是因为，如前所述，男女性别之间的基本生理差异对育儿有重大影响。不过，父亲在这个阶段应该成为母亲关系的积极支持者，同时海燕帮助照料家务和照看孩子。父亲应该要比他们自己的父辈在家承担的事务上要花更多的时间。他们的职责范围应该不近包括传统上就一直有男性承担打理房屋，庭院和汽车，在很多情况下还包括做饭，打扫卫生和照顾小孩。这些事物的具体分工还取决于配偶双方的个人技巧和才能。而且，如前面提到的，在婴儿涨到18个月以后可以有父亲而不是母亲充当主要照看人。这就意味着用工单位必须不近体谅母亲而且还要体谅父亲在弹性工作时间和非全日制时的经常缺勤。

(7)It should be noted that there is some balancing out of domestic and paid-work roles between men and women over the course of life. Under current socioeconomic conditions, husbands, being older, retire sooner than their wives. Also, in later life some role switching occurs, presumably caused in part by hormonal changes, in which women become more work-oriented and men become more domestic. Given current male-female differences in longevity, of course, the average woman can expect to expect to spend an estimated seven years of her later life as a widow.

应该注意的是，在一生中男性和女性所承担的家务和带薪工作是基本相当的。在当前的经济状况下，丈夫由于年龄大，比妻子退休的早。而且，在后半生会发生一定的角色转换，部分想必是有荷尔蒙变化引起的。在这个转换过程中，女性更加倾向外出工作，而男性则变得更加乐于操持家务。当然鉴于现在的男女寿命差异，一般女性在后半生估计要寡居7年左右。

Male breadwinning and female childrearing have been the pattern of social life throughout history, albeit not always in quite so extreme a form as found in modern societies over the past century and a half. Except perhaps for adult pair-bonds in which no young children are involved, where much social experimentation is possible, it is foolhardy to think that the nuclear family can or should be entirely scrapped. When children become a part of equation, fundamental biological and social constraints come into play—such as the importance of mothers to young children—and central elements of the nuclear family are dismissed at society s peril. Rather than strive for androgyny and be continuously frustrated and unsettled by our lack of achievement of it, we would do much better to more readily acknowledge, accommodate, and appreciate the very different needs, sexual interests, values, and goals of each sex. And rather than the unisex pursuit of “freedom with a male bias,” we should be doing more to foster a culture in which the traditional female values of relationship and caring are given a higher priority and respect.

男人挣钱养家、女人生儿育女是有史以来天经地义的社会生活模式，虽然这种模式并不总如过去一个半世纪现代社会中表现得那样极端。也许除了在没有年幼儿童的成人伴侣中可以进行很多社会实验，认为核心家庭可以或者应该被完全抛弃是极其鲁莽的。当孩子成为综合考虑因素的一部分时，基本的生理和社会限制就开始发挥作用——比如母亲对幼小儿童的重要性——如果抛弃核心家庭的中心元素，社会将会承担极大的风险。与其努力同时承担男性挣钱养家和女性生儿育女的双重责任，并为自己不能达到目的而不断地感到失望和不安，不如我们更坦然地承认、考虑、并欣赏不同性别的截然不同的需求、性兴趣、价值观和目标，这样我们会做得更好。与其不分男女都追求“具有男性偏向的自由”，我们应该做更多的工作来促进一种社会文化：给予注重家庭亲情关系和养育子女的传统女性价值观更多的重视和尊重。

In a much modified form, then, traditional marital gender roles are necessary if the good of society---and of individuals --- are to be advanced.

因此，如果要推进社会及个人的利益吗，经过改良的传统婚姻性别角色是必要的。