新视野研究生英语读说写2_课文和翻译(5)

为了解决社会对婚姻中性别角色期望的困惑，我提议一种婚姻模式：晚婚，然后在哺育小孩子的前几年采纳一种可称为“改良型传统核心家庭”的家庭模式。这个婚姻模式的主要部分可以归纳如下(我当然承认这个模式包含的是一套规范性的期望，并不是每个人都能够或者应该遵循的。)

(1) Girls as well as boys should be trained according to their abilities for a socially useful paid job or career. It is important for women to be able to achieve the economic, social, and psychic rewards of the workplace that have long been reserved for men. It is important for society that everyone be well educated and that they make an important work contribution over the course of their lives.

不仅男孩而且女孩都应该根据他们的能力得到训练，以从事对社会有用的，并能获得报酬的工作或职业。能够在长期以来是男性领地的工作中获得经济的、社会的、心理的回报对女性非常重要。每个人都能够接受良好的教育并且在他们的生命历程中对所从事的工作做出重要的贡献，这对社会非常重要。

(2) Young people should grow up with the expectation that they will marry only once and for a lifetime and that they will have children. Reproduction is a fundamental purpose of life, and marriage is instrumental to its success. Today, close to 90percent of Americans actually marry, and about the same percentage of American women have children: Although these figures have been dropping, the social expectation in these respects is currently quite well realized. Lifetime monogamy is not so well realized, however, with the divorce rate now standing at over 50 percent.

我们期望年轻人在长大成人后只结一次婚，并且这场婚姻能持续一生，我们还期望他们生儿育女。生命繁衍是人生的根本目的，而婚姻对于这一目标的实现至关重要。当前，接近90%的美国人确实结了婚，大约有相同比例的美国女性生育了孩子：虽然这些数字一直在下降，但是目前社会在这些方面的期望还是较好地得到了实现。然而由于当前离婚率超过50%，社会对终生一夫一妻的期望就不如人意了。

(3) Young adults should be encouraged to marry later in life than is common now, with an average age at time of marriage in the late twenties or early thirties (the average ages currently are twenty-six for men and twenty-four for women). Even later might be better for men, but better for men, but at older ages than this for women who want children, the “biological clock” becomes a growing problem.

应该鼓励年轻人比现在的普遍年龄在晚一些，平均结婚年龄在30岁左右。甚至再晚一些对男性更好。但是如果超过这个年龄，对于想要小孩的女性来说，生物钟问题将越来越突出。

Form society s viewpoint, the most important reason why people should be encouraged to marry relatively late in life is that they are more mature, they know better what they want in a mate, they are more established in their jobs or careers, and the men have begun to “settle down”, sexually (partly due to a biological diminution of their sex drive). Age at marriage has proven to be the single most important predictor of eventual divorce, with the highest divorce rates found among those who marry in their teenage years. But we must also recognize that both women and men want to have time, when they are young, to enjoy the many opportunities for personal expression and fulfillment that modern, affluent societies are able to provide.

从社会的角度看，鼓励人们相对晚婚的最重要的上网理由是，那是他们更成熟，更明白想从自己另一半哪里得到什么，有更好的工作和事业基础，而且男性性生活趋于平稳。结婚年龄已经被证明是能够预测最终是否离婚的唯一的最重要的因素。离婚率最高的群体是那些十几岁就结婚的年轻人。但是我们也必须承认男性和女性都希望在年轻的时候有时间享有现在富有社会所提供的表达自我，实现自我的诸多机会。

We should anticipate that many of these years of young adulthood will be spent in nonmarital cohabitation, an arrangement that often makes more sense than the alternatives to it, especially living along or continuing to live with one s family of origin. I am not implying, much less advocating, sexual promiscuity here, but rather serious, caring relationships which may involve cohabitation.

我们应该预料到成年初期的不少年头将会在非婚同居中度过。比起其他选择。特备是独居胡哟这继续生活在原来家里的，这是一个更加合乎常理的生活安排。我这里不是在暗示，更不是在倡导滥交，而是指严肃，相互关爱的，可能涉及同居的恋爱关系。

(4)From the perspective of promoting eventual family life, however, the downside to late age of marriage is that people live for about a decade or more in a nonfamily, “singles” environment which reinforces their personal drive for expressive individualism and conceivably reduces their impulse toward carrying out eventual family obligations, thus making the transition to marriage and childrearing more difficult. To help overcome the anti-family impact of these years, young unmarried adults should be encouraged to save a substantial portion of their income for a “family fund” with an eye toward offsetting the temporary loss of the wife s income after marriage and childbirth.

然而，从促进生活家庭的角度来看，结婚年龄大的缺点在于人们在10年或者更长的时间里生活在没有家庭的单身汉环境中，这段经历会强化他们追求表现型个人主义倾向。社会减少他们履行最终家庭义务的愿望。从而使向婚姻和抚育小孩的国度更加困难。为了克服这些年形成的不利于家庭生活的影响，应当鼓励年轻的未婚青年人将收入的大部分存起来作为家庭基金，一边抵消在结婚和生育之后妻子暂时失去收入的损失。

(5)Once children are born, wives should be encouraged to leave the labor market and become substantially full-time mothers for a period of at least a year to eighteen months per child. The reason for this is that mother-reared infants appear to have distinct advantages over those reared apart from their mothers. It is desirable for children to have full-time parenting up to at least age three, but after eighteen months—partly because children by then are more verbal—it is appropriate for fathers to become the primary caretakers, and some men may wish wo avail themselves of the opportunity. At age three, there is no evidence that children in quality group care su …… 此处隐藏：5041字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……