考试用书2012年职称英语讲义A-B-C(5)

D Benefits of Taking a Nap

7 For those who are worried about the after-affect of a nap, there is the caffeine nap(咖啡因小睡). A caffeine nap is taken after an intake of caffeine, so that you are asleep while your body digests the caffeine. After a 15-30 minute nap,

you wake up and have the caffeine in your system. This is great if you instantly need to be on the move after a nap, and you can bounce out of your sleeping state and jump into work feeling refreshed and energised.

4. Paragraph 7 ___________

A The Caffeine Nap

2 However, taking a nap is one of the best but most underused（未充分利用的） tools for busy people to ease weariness（tiredness）. The majority of people experience drowsiness（睡意，困倦） in the afternoon and notice their work efficiency and mood starting to slip（减退） and napping will help combat（fight） this.

5. If you don’t want to feel tired in the afternoon, but raise your work efficiency and improve your mood, ______.

C taking a nap will help you a lot

4 Research on napping is constantly showing positive effects. The results suggest that napping can make you more alert, reduce stress and improve cognitive function compared to working all day without rest. Researchers at NASA showed that a 30-minute full nap increased cognitive function by 40%. The volunteers on the tests found that their memory improved as well as experiencing an increase in concentration. Those who didn’t nap would score lower on IQ test than those who did.

6. According to a research, people who didn’t nap would have lower IQ than those who did because ______. E taking a nap can make people more sharp-witted, and improve their cognitive function

7 For those who are worried about the after-affect of a nap, there is the caffeine nap(咖啡因小睡). A caffeine nap is taken after an intake of caffeine, so that you are asleep while your body digests the caffeine. After a 15-30 minute nap, you wake up and have the caffeine in your system. This is great if you instantly need to be on the move after a nap, and you can bounce out of your sleeping state and jump into work feeling refreshed and energised.

7. If you want to instantly get out of your sleeping state and set to work vigorously, ______.

D taking a caffeine nap is a great way

6 I advise keeping the nap between 15 and 30 minutes as you want to avoid getting into deeper stages of sleep. If you do, you’ll find it harder to wake and may experience the unstable feeling for a while.

8. If you don’t intend to get into deeper stages of sleep in the afternoon, ______.

B taking a nap and keeping the nap between 15 and 30 minutes may help

第五讲 概括大意与完成句子（第二讲）

第三部分 概括大意与完成句子

第9篇 How Babies Think婴儿是如何思考的

1 Thirty years ago most psychologists, philosophers and psychiatrists thought that babies and young children were irrational(无理性的). They believed children were locked in the concrete here and now（当时）—unable to understand cause and effect, imagine the experiences of other people, or appreciate the difference between reality and fantasy. People still often think of children as defective（有缺陷的）adults.

2 But in the past three decades scientists have discovered that even the youngest children know more than we would ever have thought possible. Moreover, studies suggest that children learn about the world in much the same way that scientists do—by conducting experiments, analyzing statistics, and forming intuitive（直觉的，直观的）theories of the physical, biological and psychological realms.

3 Why were we so wrong about babies for so long? If you look cursorily（大致地） at children who are four years old and younger, you might indeed conclude that not much is going on. Babies, after all, cannot talk. And even preschoolers are not good at reporting what they think. Ask your average three-year-old an open-ended question, and you are likely to get a beautiful but incomprehensible stream-of-consciousness monologue.

4 The new science that began in the late 1970s depends on techniques that look at what babies and young children do instead of just what they say. Babies look longer at novel（新奇的） or unexpected events than at more predictable ones, and experimenters can use this behavior to figure out what babies expect to happen. The strongest results,

however, come from studies that observe actions as well: Which objects do babies reach for or crawl to? How do babies and young children imitate the actions of people around them?

5 In the mid-1980s and through the 1990s, scientists using these techniques discovered that babies already know a great deal about the world around them. That knowledge goes well beyond concrete, here-and-now sensations（感觉）. By the time they are three or four, children have elementary ideas about biology and a first understanding of growth, inheritance and illness. This early biological understanding reveals that children go beyond superficial perceptual appearances when they reason about objects. By age four, their understanding of everyday psychology is even more refined（改善的）.

6 By the end of the 20th century experiments had thus charted impressively abstract and sophisticated knowledge in babies and the equally impressive growth of that knowledge as children get elder. Undoubtedly, newborns are far

from being blank slates（白纸）, but the changes in children’s knowledge also suggest that they are learning about the world from their experiences.

1 Thirty years ago most psychologists, philosophers and psychiatrists thought that babies and young children were

irrational(无理性的). They believed children were locked in the concrete here and now（当时）—unable to understand cause and effect, imagine the experiences of other people, or appreciate the difference betwee …… 此处隐藏：5753字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……