考试用书2012年职称英语讲义A-B-C(3)

Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded: “TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life that is comparable to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity.”

The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.But they said: “While we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialised and developing countries are likely to be comparable, given ( considering) the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns.” In the UK, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day compared with five hours in the United States.

Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, said it was “biologically plausible” that prolonged TV viewing results in disease and premature death. Other work suggests that sedentary behaviour is linked to obesity, high levels of bad blood fats and other heart disease risk factors, and more opportunities for grazing on junk foods. Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease, or dying

prematurely, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.England’s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: “Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know —— that a

sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realise that there are many ways to get exercise.”

练习：

1. Watching too much TV can cause a loss of life.

A Right

文章第一段

Every hour spent watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces life expectancy by almost 22 minutes, a study suggests. And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.

2. People in the US are much healthier than people in the UK.

C Not Mentioned

文章第六段

But they said: “While we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialised and developing countries are likely to be comparable, given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns.” In the UK, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day compared with five hours in the United States.

3. Physical inactivity and obesity are chronic disease risk factors as well as TV viewing.

A Right

文章第四段

Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded: “TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life that is comparable to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity.”

4. Researchers from Australia said prolonged TV viewing results in disease and premature death.

B Wrong

文章第七段

Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, said it was “biologically plausible” that prolonged TV viewing results in disease and premature death. Other work suggests that sedentary behaviour is linked to obesity, high levels of bad blood fats and other heart disease risk factors, and more opportunities for grazing on junk foods.

5. Watching too much TV will cause obesity and premature death among teenagers.

C Not Mentioned

6. Findings from these studies encourage people to do more exercises.

A Right

文章最后一段

England’s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: “Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know —— that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realise that there are many ways to get exercise.”

7. Watching TV for less than one hour may not be harmful to our health.

C Not Mentioned

第四讲 概括大意与完成句子（第一讲）

第三部分 概括大意与完成句子

本部分考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为一篇300~450词的短文，有两项测试任务：（1）短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；（2）短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。每题1分，共8分。

I. 题型解读

概括大意与完成句子这两种题型放到一篇文章中去考。这两种题型均属于阅读理解简答题（Short Answer Questions）, 与传统阅读理解简答题不同的是，它不需要考生写出问题的答案，而是给出了几个选项，让考生从中选择搭配。 概括大意题主要考查考生归纳段落主题思想的能力，完成句子题主要考查考生掌握短文细节内容的能力。这两种题型，基本能够考查各种阅读技能。解答这类题目时，既要学会抓住文章的中心大意，找出关键词，又要能够运用多种阅读技巧，从句子、语篇的层次把握文章的重要事实和细节。

II. 解题步骤

1.找出每一段落的主题句；

2.根据要完成句子的已知信息回到短文中查找句子出处，仔细阅读上下文；

3.根据原文意思和其规律进行对比并作出判断。

第2篇 Genetically Modified Foods: Are They Safe? 转基因食品它们安全吗？

1 The world seems increasingly divided into those who favor genetically modified (GM) foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growing genetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say, genetic engineering—which can induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods—will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the world’s burgeoning(增长迅速的) population.

Skeptics(怀疑主义者) contend（主张，认为） that GM crops could pose unique risks to the environment and to health—risks too troubling to accept placidly（平静地）. Taking that view, many European countries are restricting the planting and importation of GM agricultural products. Much of the debate hinges on（取决于） perceptions of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards? The answers, too often lost in reports on th …… 此处隐藏：5447字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……