三年级英汉笔译（一）学生用书(6)

⑽ No, I won‘t lend you the money, you‘ve had it!

误译：不，我不会把钱借给你的，你已经借过钱了！ 应译为：

? 被动语态的翻译练习

英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见。凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法是极为重要的。对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:

1）翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。

? 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文

中使用了 ―加以‖, ―经过‖, ―用……来‖等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如: 例1. Other questions will be discussed briefly. 其他问题将简单地加以讨论。 请翻译以下两句：

① In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.

②Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.

? 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)做主语。例如: 例：It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。

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请翻译：

③ Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.

④ It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.

? 另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为……

It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……

? 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况

下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如:

例：A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。 请翻译：

⑤By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.

⑥And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.

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? 翻译成汉语的无主句。

例：Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.

应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。 请翻译：

⑦By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.

⑧Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.

⑨New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….

? 另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测……

It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见…… …… 此处隐藏：841字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……