欧美学界对西南少数民族的研究状况（打印版）(5)

Shuang Zhang

摘要：Bilingual teaching in which ethnic minority spoken and written language are used along with the Han language is China’s basic policy for minority education. By means of a survey of the present state of the use of Miao written language in teaching, this article analyzes problems in the policies for minority-language teaching in ethnically mixed communities in southwestern China and points out that the ways to resolve these problems are level-by-level management, development of specific policies, and the formulation of special policy implementation measures.

关键词： Bilingual Education Policy, Miao language, Han language 对象：西南地区苗族自治区和苗汉杂居区域的苗汉双语教学

方法：通过分析调查报告，揭示西南少数民族语言教学中的问题，提出了分层教学、发展特殊政策的解决方法。

视角：实证研究、调查报告

材料：湖南西部、贵州东部、四川-贵州-云南交界地区以及云南东北部地区实行双语教学的中小学调查报告

论点：在这些地区双语教学不能很好的开展，原因是政策缺陷：1. 鼓励双语教学的政策僵化，不能针对具体地区的具体情况。2、政策缺乏专业性和可操作性3、政策缺乏灵活性和高效机制。

意义：提出了解决上述问题的方法1、制定分层管理的政策。 2、制定更有针对性的具体的政策。3、制定特殊的优惠政策。

Crossing the River: Xiangxi Miao Spirit Mediumship

穿过河流：湘西苗族的灵媒能力

Hexian Wu

摘要：In Xiangxi Miao communities, there are three kinds of spiritual practitioners: the zimei medium, the badui spirit official, and the daoshi Daoist monk. The zimei consult spirits on the daily affairs of the Miaos in the Miao language, the badui spirit officials perform rituals memorializing legendary Miao ancestors in local Chinese, and the daoshi Daoist monks conduct funerals, also in local Chinese.

This thesis describes how zimei establish themselves as mediums and perform rituals, which occur in a syncretic matrix of Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The Xiangxi Miao practice animist, Daoist, Buddhist, Confucian, and syncretic forms. The zimei 's ritual, known as the bu-zimei , serves to restore social harmony when it has been disrupted. Through the author's observations and interviews during the summers of 2009 and 2010, the bu-zimei performed by the zimei is both animist and profoundly syncretic. The zimei establish and perform mediumship: this includes their recruitment, rituals offered, paraphernalia, clients, patron spirits, and performance. Apart from its normative nature, the bu-zimei is also a social activity. In the Xiangxi Miao context, social harmony is summarized as people having health, obtaining good harvests, giving thanks and observing filial piety, and having thriving domestic animals. The above social norms summarize what constitutes the three kinds of social harmony that the Xiangxi Miao are

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seeking to achieve: that among humans, between humans and spirits, and between humans and nature. The zimei are often invited to perform the bu-zimei , restoring social harmony by imposing social norms.

关键词：Cultural Anthropology Asian Studies 对象：湘西苗族Zimei灵媒仪式。

方法：利用三个主要技术：参与观察、访谈、对比分析法。通过参与观察法和访谈法收集到的数据来帮助理解Zimei灵媒的表演，然后用比较的方法的互文理解。

视角：人类学。

材料：2009、2010年去湘西田野调查的一手资料。

论点：湘西苗族Zimei灵媒融合了儒释道三家的形式，其仪式有助于社会和谐。 意义：肯定了灵媒作为一种社会活动的积极意义。

Differences in Nonshared Individual, School, and Family Variables between Delinquent and nondelinquent Hmong Adolescents

苗族犯罪青少年与无罪犯青少年在 个人、学校与家庭等因素方面的差异

摘要：The purpose of the current study was to determine whether there were differences between Hmong immigrant siblings on multiple nonshared individual, school, and family variables. Participants were 58 sibling pairs (29 delinquent pairs and 29 nondelinquent pairs), who ranged in age from 13 to 21 years. There were 11 pairs of boys, 3 pairs of girls, and 15 pairs of opposite-sex siblings. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated that delinquent and nondelinquent sibling groups were significantly different in participation in organized activities, antisocial attitudes, delinquent behaviors, school truancy, school performance, and parents’ labeling. The findings have implications for future research on sibling delinquency in Hmong immigrant families and for program development and delivery.

关键词：Hmong families, immigrant adolescents, sibling delinquency, Southeast Asian 对象：从东南亚移民到美国的苗族血缘手足

方法：通过对两组共58名移民美国苗族血缘手足（年龄在13至21岁之间，其中有犯罪行为和无犯罪行为的各占一半）进行多种因素分析，比较差异，从而得出结论。

视角：人类学，统计学，心理学，家庭行为学

材料：58名移民美国的苗族有犯罪行为与无犯罪行为的血缘手足的日常行为情况。 论点：血缘手足中，有犯罪行为和无犯罪行为的在参与组织活动、反社会态度、过失行为、逃学、学校表现以及来自父母的评价等方面有很大差异。

意义：为研究苗族移民家庭中血缘手足犯罪问题提供参考，并提出了一些解决这一问题的建议。

Discourses about gender among Hmong American policymakers:

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Conflicting views about gender, culture, and Hmong youth

美籍老挝决策者的性别话语：有关性别，文化，苗族青年的争论

Ngo, Bic & Leet-Otley, Jill

摘要：In this article, we draw on research with Hmong American community members to contribute to a more complex understanding of Hmong culture. Specifically, in a critical discourse analysis of interviews with 3 influential Hmong American politicians, we highlight the divergent perspectives on early marriage, Hmong gender norms, and the struggles of Hmong parents and youth. We conclude with a discussion of language and identity, and point to the detrimental influence of dominant discourse on Hmong A …… 此处隐藏：7602字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……