欧美学界对西南少数民族的研究状况（打印版）(10)

Through ethnographic research, this study focused on the description and interpretation of the Miao people's cultural practices and everyday life experiences as a means of identity performance in an ethnic tourism environment. This ethnographic work provides accounts of role playing among different groups of Miao people, such as Miao elites, stage performers, Miao intellectuals, and lay villagers. By so doing, it examines the identification process and the self-acquired meanings in cultural practices and everyday life among both Miao elites and ordinary Miao people. It aims to understand the Miao people's interests, concerns, complaints, or resentments toward ascribed dimensions of identities in the context of ethnic tourism. The ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in Dehang Miao village, Western Hunan China.

关键词：Hmong, Performance, Identity, Ethnic tourism 对象：中国河南西部的苗族村落中的民俗旅游

方法：田野作业。描述、阐释苗族的日常生活和文化实践。 视角：文化人类学、历史学、民族研究

材料：针对不同苗族人群——包括精英、舞台演员、知识分子和普通村民的叙述。 论点：在苗人日常生活成为了民俗旅游一部分的同时，其民族身份（ethnic identity）和地区身份（place identity）也就此被当地人建构或否定。

目的：试图在民俗旅游的背景下，理解苗人的兴趣、关注点、报怨和仇恨。

Proprietors without a Spiritual Pillar: The Search for Revitalization among Hmong

In the Midwestern United States

没有精神支柱的所有者： 对苗族在美国中西部的新生的调查

Phillipe N. Thao

摘要：Hmong immigrants to America have endured radical changes to their traditional way of life as it was practiced in the high country of Laos. Their struggles to adapt to a modern, urban wage-earning economy, when they were once subsistence slash and burn agriculturalists, has especially impacted the status and roles of first generation Hmong who arrived in this country with little or no education or relevant work skills. These Hmong, now the elderly members of Hmong communities, face a challenge to their relevance as respected, knowledgeable repositories of Hmong customary practices when nearly every aspect of Hmong life has been challenged by mainstream American cultural norms. Their children, who remembered little of their birth country, were encouraged to learn the lay of this new land in order that they might help their families put roots down, find good jobs and learn to negotiate the strange landscape of

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America. They grew up without the rich and textured participation in Hmong rituals, or the thick participation and observation of clan and kin-based social life. Now many in this generation struggle to make sense of Hmong cultural expectations in the setting of American life. Their struggles have created fractures and ruptures as well as new accommodations and revitalized customary practices. Their children, the first generation of American-born Hmong find themselves pushed and pulled even more by the norms and contingencies of two cultural systems. Their rejections and accommodations to new meanings concerning marriage, gender roles, patrilineal authority, and ritual practice have created strong divisions and disruptions within the family. And yet, this generation too remains strongly tied and connected to Hmong communal life as they seek to make sense of their new identities as Hmong and as Americans. This study offers a snapshot of Hmong American experience in the Midwestern United States. It is by no means a static picture, a resolved picture, even a particularly clear picture in terms of what features of this snapshot will become relevant to Hmong life in the future. It is nevertheless a testament to the unresolved and changing contingencies of the Hmong experience as related by Hmong who are living their lives under these new conditions. The voices in this account express the hopes, fears, despair and pride of a people in search of a new life and enduring identity.

关键词：proprietors; spiritual pillar; revitalization; Hmong immigrants; Midwestern United States

对象：美国中西部苗族人的生活方式。 方法：（从这篇摘要中无从得知。只能猜测是：描述苗族移民的生活现状，对比他们传统和现代的生活方式，分析他们在文化冲突上遇到的问题。）

视角：文化研究。 材料：（摘要中没有明确指出：可能是一些生活照片。）

论点：美国的苗族移民忍受着传统生活方式的彻底改变，努力适应着新的生存条件下的诸多问题，表达出一个民族在寻找新的生活和持久的身份时的希望、恐惧、绝望以及自豪感。

意义：提供苗族在美国中西部生活经验，给未来苗族移民遇到的不适应性问题一些启示。

Recreating Hmong History:

an Examination of www.youtube.com Videos

重塑苗族历史：Youtube网视频的考查

Eric Yang

摘要：The article presents a study that examines three different videos created and uploaded to the website www.youtube.com about the history of Hmong settlements. The videos, created by Hmong students, narrate a story about the Hmong history, revolving around their migration and resettlement in the U.S. Different aspects of the videos such as images, oral comments, and written texts are examined by interpreting vocal and visual narratives in the videos. Implications in creating these videos to the study of Hmong history and the experiences of Hmong Americans are also discussed.

关键词：Hmong history; Youtube; Videos; 对象：美国苗族移民讲述的苗族历史故事。 方法：描述三个视频的内容。

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视角：文化研究。

材料：Youtube网站上三个苗族学生原创的关于苗族定居点的视频。 意义：重塑苗族历史。

Gran Torino’s Boys and Men with Guns: Hmong Perspectives

《老爷车》中的带枪的男孩与男人：苗族视角

Louisa Schein

摘要：This article discusses the Clint Eastwood film Gran Torino in the context of American popular mis-representations of Hmong and from the perspectives of the film‘s Hmong actors and viewers. The analysis begins from the images o …… 此处隐藏：4769字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……