欧美学界对西南少数民族的研究状况（打印版）(14)

The saga serves as a vehicle for the promotion of important Yi values and warns of the consequences of not living up to them. Hard work, constancy in love, family unity and filial piety are strongly stressed- woe to those who defy the traditional code of behavior! The fate which befalls Eldest Sister is the most obvious example of a moral lesson. In the early part of the saga, she rejects the opportunity of marrying hard-working Serpent Prince in favor of marrying a marten. Later, she covets Seventh Sister and Serpent Prince's hard-won wealth and eventually murders Seventh Sister twice- first as a human being and second as a reincarnated thrush. Yet Eldest Sister receives her just reward when after stuffing herself with cabbage grown from the thrush's remains she drowns in the very well into which she first pushed her youngest sister. The lesson is clear- wealth can only be gained through hard work and self-reliance and implies certain responsibilities. When Seventh Sister and Serpent Prince return to her parents' home after several years of marriage (appropriately in the year of the Snake), they are both performing an act of filial piety and demonstrating that they are capable of making a way for themselves in the world.

The story of Seventh Sister and the Serpent seems much less fantastic than most myths until we consider that the main characters are a beautiful young girl and a serpent. Yet this motif is not uncommon among the peoples of southwestern China. It appears also in the folklore of the Zhuangs of Guangxi. The details in the story vary from group to group and nationality, reflecting local customs and tastes. In the several Yi versions of the tale, the number of sisters varies, events occur in different sequence, and different values are stressed within the conflict between good and evil. However, the motif of a young girl marrying a serpent and coming back to life as a bird after being killed is consistent. Unfortunately, it is difficult with our present knowledge to attribute the original creation of the tale to any particular nationality. Serpent Prince and Dragon King are stock figures in the mythologies of numerous areas in China.

The Yi language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family. Besides their extensive oral tradition, the Yi also developed a simple writing system used to record historic and sacred texts. Most of these texts make use of a five-character line. The title of the saga, \Seventh Sister and the Serpent,\is derived from the Yi \which means \ah se (an Yi folk melody) style which, like the written texts, uses a five-character line. The poem was collected in Yunnan Province in the later 1950's by a team of researchers based in Kunming. The present translation follows a Chinese version of the text published in 1980.

关键词：saga Yi people oral tradition social customs 对象： 彝族口述文学 方法：文本细读 视角：民俗学

材料：彝族传说《七大姐和蛇》及西南地区流传的相似的传说、故事 论点：彝族传奇是其文化、价值和道德观念的集中体现

意义： 在音乐、舞蹈之外，文本和口传文学也包含有关着少数民族习俗、传统的丰富信息，其重要

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的研究价值有待进一步发掘

Bilingual Society and Bilingual Education of the Yi Ethnic Minority of the Liangshan Yi Ethnic Minority Autonomous Prefecture in China Amid

Cultural Changes—History, Present Situation,

Problems, and Analysis 文化变迁中的中国凉山彝族双语社会和双语教育

——历史，现状，问题与思考

TENG XING

大致内容：本文选自亚洲开发银行技术援助中国少数民族项目总结交流会报告汇编，目的是为凉山彝族双语教育政策的实行提供理论基础，并通过双语教育政策使得少数民族一方面能保持传统文化，另一方面更好地融入主流社会，完成现代化转变。

作者先指出各个民族学习双语或多语的必要性，然后回顾凉山彝族双语教育发展史，附数据表。再阐述凉山彝族双语教育的现状，扫盲成果和问题，对此进行反思。

Ethnic entrepreneurs as carriers of ethnic identity: a case study among the Liangshan Yi (Nuosu) in China

作为族群认同载体的企业家：一项在中国凉山彝族的研究实例

Thomas Heberer

摘要：In this article, the author examines the connection between Yi (Nuosu) entrepreneurship and ethnic identity. First the term identity is discussed, and then important factors for creating identity among Nuosu entrepreneurs are outlined. Concerning the Nuosu–Yi,

until today the clan plays a predominant role. Through entrepreneurship, clantranscending institutions and a clan-transcending ethnic identity are emerging. The author follows up by addressing identity issues in terms of the rewritten official Chinese history on the Yi. To understand the entrepreneurs’ concept of identity, it is necessary to understand that their discourse on questions of status and identity very often coincide with arguments advanced by Yi scholars. Nuosu entrepreneurs, as a new economic and social elite, thereby contribute to the shaping of a new Nuosu collective consciousness. Time (history) and space (Liangshan) are crucial markers of Nuosu identity, but the author argues that economic success is an additional factor for developing a new identity as well. Notably, entrepreneurs are both carriers of ethnic symbols and agents

of modernization who actively shape identity.

关键词：entrepreneurship; ethic entrepreneurs; ethnic identity 对象：凉山彝族企业家

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方法：以实地调查得出的数据证明经济发展是促成新的族群认同形成的因素。 视角：人类学

材料：凉山彝族现代经济发展情况。

论点：经济发展是促成新的族群认同形成的因素，凉山彝族企业家既是群族象征的载体又是现代化进程的动力。

意义：通过研究实例认识到经济因素对族群认同形成的影响以及凉山彝族企业家的作用。

Ethnicity, local interests, and the state: Yi communities in Southwest China

族性、地方利益和国家：中国西南部的彝族群体

Harrell, Stevan

摘要：This paper attempts to explai …… 此处隐藏：6253字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……