论文-含油泥砂处理工艺方案设计

-含油泥砂处理工艺方案设计

本 科 毕 业 论 文

题 目：含油泥砂处理工艺方案研究

学生姓名：陈发坤

学 号：08042102

专业班级：过程装备与控制工程08-1班

指导教师：金有海教授

王振波教授

2012年6月19日

-含油泥砂处理工艺方案设计

摘 要

含油泥砂是油田、炼化企业生产过程中产生的一种富含矿物油的黑色粘稠状固体废弃物，它来源广泛、种类繁多、成分复杂、危害性大。目前，国内外对含油泥砂的处理方案很多，但是这些方案都存在着诸多弊端，很多方案尚处于试验理论阶段未得到实践运用。总之，对含油泥砂的处理还没有真正找到一种被公认的、普遍适用的方案。因此，在能源越来越短促、环保要求越来越高的今天，如何处理含油泥砂依然是困扰着每个油田、炼厂的难题。

本文对含油泥砂的基本性质进行了概括，并对当前国内外含油泥砂的主要处理工艺方案进行了总结、对比。最后综合研究，本着经济高效、绿色环保的理念，设计出了固化焚烧法，基本上对含油泥砂实现了减量化、资源化、无害化处理。

关键词：含油泥砂；基本性质；工艺方案；固化焚烧法

-含油泥砂处理工艺方案设计

ABSTRACT

Oil-sands is a black sticky solid waste which produced in the production process of oil fields or oil refineries. They have wide resources, complex compositions and great harm. At present, whether domestic or abroad, there are many process schemes about how to deal with the oil-sands, but they all have some disadvantages and many of them are still at the experimental stage without practice. In short, we have not really found a recognized, universally applicable process scheme for oil-sands. Therefore, nowadays, with the increasingly short of energy and the increasingly high demands of environmental protection, how to deal with oil-sands is still a problem which puzzled each oil fields and oil refineries.

This article summarizes the basic nature of the oil-sands and the major process scheme in the current domestic and international oil-sands treatment fields, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. At last, through comprehensive study, obeying the concept of economic efficiency and green environmental protection, I designed the curing incineration, it basically realizes the oil-sands reduction, recycling and safe disposal.

Keywords： oil-sands; basic properties; process scheme; curing incineration

-含油泥砂处理工艺方案设计

目录

第1章 前言 .................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 研究目的与意义 ................................................................................................. 2

1.3 研究内容 ............................................................................................................. 2

第2章 含油泥砂基本性质 ............................................................................................ 3

2.1 含油泥砂的定义 ................................................................................................. 3

2.2 含油泥砂的来源 ................................................................................................. 3

2.2.1 原油开采过程产生的含油泥砂 .............................................................. 3

2.2.2 油田集输中转过程产生的含油泥砂 ...................................................... 3

2.2.3 炼油厂污水处理过程产生的含油泥砂 .................................................. 3

2.3 含油泥砂的特点 ................................................................................................. 4

2.4 含油泥砂的危害 ................................................................................................. 4

第3章 含油泥砂处理工艺方案研究进展 ................................................................... 6

3.1 含油泥砂处理方法 ............................................................................................. 6

3.1.1 热水洗法 .................................................................................................. 6

3.1.2 热化学法 .................................................................................................. 7

3.1.3 离心处理法 .............................................................................................. 8

3.1.4 溶剂萃取法 .............................................................................................. 9

3.1.5 生物法 .................................................................................................... 11

3.1.6 热处理法 ................................................................................................ 13

3.1.7 填埋法 .................................................................................................... 18

3.1.8 固化处理法 ............................................................................................ 18

3.1.9 电动力学处理法 .................................................................................... 20

3.1.10 超声波法 .............................................................................................. 20

3.1.11 冷冻熔融法 .......................................................................................... 23

3.2 含油泥砂处理方法优缺点对比 ....................................................................... 24

3.3 含油泥砂处理技术中存在的一些问题 ........................................................... 25

第4章 含油泥砂处理工艺方案设计 .......................................................................... 26

-含油泥砂处理工艺方案设计

4.1 固化焚烧法的提出依据 ................................................................................... 26

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