精品-高中英语语法通霸-7.定语从句语法常考点专项总结归纳讲解与(6)

同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面： 1. 从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:

We are now looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.

我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）

Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）

Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.

我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴。（定语从句） The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句） 2. 从性质上区别

定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:

The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

（同位语从句，说明news到底是一个什么消息） The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 （定语从句, 指他告诉我的消息）

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.

我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。 （同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容）

The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.

妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。

（定语从句, promise在从句中作pleased的主语）

3. 引导词上的区别

引导词that

引导词that引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同(答疑qq 329950885)位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。

例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。 The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.

我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。 The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.

我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。 解析：

①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，不能换为which, 也不能省略。 ②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以换为which，也可以省略。

how, whether, what虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句

who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 定语从句的引导词在意思上反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。

The reason that he gave for his coming late was not true.

The reason that his alarm clock was broken was not true.

在①中，that的意思是reason, 在定语从句中作give的宾语。在②句中，that只起连接作用，不含有the reason的意思。

The suggestion where he stressed the importance of exercising was very practical.

The suggestion where we should exercise regularly is very practical.

在句③中，where意为“在这个建议中（in the suggestion）”，反映的是先行词的意思；在句④中，where指的是锻炼身体的地方，和the suggestion没有联系。

在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代

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词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词+连接代词”的形式。

在上面的句③中，where可以换为in which；在句④中，where不能换为in which。

例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。 That question whether we need it has not been considered.

I have no idea what has happened to him.

I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with it.

The school where Bob studies is in the middle of the city.

The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made. 解析：

①、②、③是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容, whether, what和how不能引导定语从句。 ④是定语从句，where反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为in which。

⑤是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映the decision的意思。when也不能改为 at which time。 练习

【2004上海春】Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

You can depend on whatever promise ______ he makes.

A. / B. why C. when D. whose The news ______ he has been elected president of the United States is true. A. that B which C. what D. where The news ______ you told me yesterday is true. A. that B when C. what D. where 【2006重庆】Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the air port.

A. why B. that C. where D. because Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why Galileo collected the facts ______ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun. A. that B. which C. / D. A and B Galileo discovered the fact ______ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun. A. that B. which C. / D. A and B 【2006安徽】A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 【2012上海】There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness. A. why B. which C. that D. whether

定语从句与易混句型

I still remember the farm ______ my parents worked

知识准备：简单句、并列句和复合句 ten years ago. A. where B. on which （参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）

本题A，B两个答案都行，因为本句where引导的是定语从句，先行词是the farm。

定语从句与同位语从句

第9讲 Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it. （参看P. 120）

A. there B. …… 此处隐藏：4300字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……