商品轿车运输车改装设计

黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

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黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

摘 要

商品轿车运输车是专业作业汽车的一种，可以运送作为商品销售的轿车。轿车及各类小型车辆作为一种特殊的大件商品，从生产厂家制造出来后，还要运至各分销网点。随着我国汽车工业的快速发展，人们对轿车的购买力的增加，导致人们对所购买轿车的初始状态要求越来越高。十多年前，一种采用专用车辆运送商品车的“零公里运输”方式在我国出现，因其运输效率高，所运商品轿车质量有保证等优点而迅速普及，使整个社会对商品轿车运输车的需求日益扩大。

这样，商品车的流动即采用车辆运输方式进行，经销商对商品轿车运输车的性能要求越来越多。因此，设计一个能满足社会需要的商品轿车运输车是当务之急的首要任务。通过对本课题的设计研究能够使学生了解专用汽车改装设计方法，掌握以下几个方面的能力：牵引车的选择；半挂车的选择；专用车辆的总体布置；工作装置设计；操作和安全保护设计；整车性能计算分析；结合振兴东北老工业基地的发展规划，本课题以现代伊兰特牌轿车为例进行设计。

商品轿车运输车均为双层装载平台式车辆运输专用车，上、下层结构为框架式，上层平台有的分固定踏板和活动踏板，活动踏板在举升装置的作用下，可绕固定转销点转动，以实现上下层装货时的过渡。

关键词：轿车运输车；零公里运输；设计；半挂车；牵引车

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黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

ABSTRACT

Commodities are professional car carriers of a car, homework can carry as commodity sales of cars. Cars and all kinds of small vehicles as a kind of special bulky goods from the manufacturer, after making, even to the distribution network. Along with the rapid development of China's automobile industry, the people of the purchasing power of the cars, the increase of buying cars in people's initial status are increasingly demanding. Ten years ago, a kind of special vehicles by car \km transport in China\because its transportation efficiency, the commodity car quality assurance and rapidly in popularity, make whole society to the increasing demand car carriers.

So, the flow of vehicles using goods transportation vehicles, vehicle for commodities dealer car performance requirements of more and more. Therefore, one can satisfy the design of the society is the first car transporter urgent task. Through this project design research to make students understand the special-purpose automobile refitting design method, the following aspects: the choice of tractor, Semi-trailer choice, General layout of vehicles, Design work, Operation and safety protection design, Vehicle performance analysis, Combined with the old industrial base of the northeast development planning, with hyundai elantra brand cars for example to carry on the design.

Commodities are double loading car truck transportation vehicles, special siahrs and lower frame structure of upper platform, some points of fixed pedal and activities in the pedal, lifting device pedal activities under the effect of the fixed point, can turn around the rotation, to realize the transition of loading.

key words：Car transporter;Zero kilometers transport,;Design; Semi-trailer;Tractor

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黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

目 录

摘要 ????????????????????????????????Ⅰ ABSTRACT?????????????????????????????Ⅱ 第1章 绪论?????????????????????????????1

1.1 我国商品轿车运输车的发展及现状 ?????????????????1 1.2 国外商品轿车运输车发展经验值得借鉴 ???????????????2 1.3 商品轿车运输车改装设计的目的和意义 ???????????????3 1.4 本次设计的主要内容 ???????????????????????3

第2章 商品轿车运输车的总体设计原则与要求 ???????????4

2.1 商品轿车运输车的改装设计的基本原则 ???????????????4 2.2 商品轿车运输车的设计特点与要求 ?????????????????4 2.3 商品轿车运输车设计程序 ?????????????????????5 2.4 本章小结 ????????????????????????????5

第3章 商品轿车运输车的总体设计?????????????????6

3.1 商品轿车运输车的总体技术要求 ??????????????????6 3.2 半挂车方案的确定 ????????????????????????6 3.2.1 半挂车车架形式的确定 ????????????????????6 3.2.2 二层结构方案的确定 ?????????????????????7 3.2.3 轿车摆放方案的确定 ?????????????????????8 3.2.4 半挂车参数估算 ???????????????????????9 3.2.5 半挂车选型?????????????????????????10 3.3 牵引车的选择??????????????????????????11 3.3.1 牵引车参数估算???????????????????????11 3.3.2 牵引车的选型及基本参数???????????????????12 3.2.3 牵引车与半挂车的连接????????????????????12 3.4 轿车固定装置设计????????????????????????14 3.5 整车的主要参数计算???????????????????????14

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黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

3.5.1 发动机的外特性???????????????????????14 3.5.2 汽车的行驶方程???????????????????????15 3.5.3 动力性评价指标的计算????????????????????18 3.5.3.1 最高车速的计算 ????????????????????18 3.5.3.2 最大爬坡度的计算 ???????????????????19 3.6 本章小结????????????????????????????20

第4章 商品轿车运输车轴核及关键零部件校核???????????21

4.1 轴核计算????????????????????????????21 4.2 主梁截面的设计计算???????????????????????21 4.2.1 主梁高度计算????????????????????????21 4.2.2 主梁腹板尺寸校核??????????????????????21 4.2.3 主梁翼板尺寸确定??????????????????????22 4.3 挂车纵梁强度和弯矩计算?????????????????????22 4.4 支撑装置处垂直载荷???????????????????????23 4.5 升降平台举升机构选取和校核???????????????????错误！未定义书签。

4.5.1 举升机构的组成和原理????????????????????23 4.5.2 举升机构选取????????????????????????24 4.5.3 举升机构校核????????????????????????27 4.6 本章小结????????????????????????????28

第5章 结论????????????????????????????29 参考文献??????????????????????????????30 致谢 ????????????????????????????????31 附录(A)???????????????????????????????32 附录(B)???????????????????????????????35

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