00837自考旅游英语选读复习资料(4)

d) The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints and

travel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm. e) The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,

more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more ‘green’ f) Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key part

of the holiday experience.

3) Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:

a) New consumers

b) New technologies

c) New production practices d) New management techniques

e) Changes in the industry’s frame conditions

Notes:

Harks back to可追溯到，开始于 Low Countries低地国家 package tours包价旅游 Was equated with相等 purchasing power购买力 coupled with外加，加上 Paid holidays带薪假日 mass tourism大众旅游 charter flights包机航班

Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合 diagonal integration斜向联合

Market segmentation市场细分 airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断 takes hold固定下来，确立 Customized cervices按要求提供的服务 dominant paradigm主要形式 geared to适应 More green更有环保意识 scale economics规模经济 scope economics范围经济

Tailor-made services特别服务项目 at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港 holds for适用于 Take hold抓住 spur on飞驰 Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝

Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家

Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游

Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力

Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Rigidly packaged 团体包机制 Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海

Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目 Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来

Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目

Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命 The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役 Far East 远东

Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations

1. International Organizations（国际旅游）:

1) World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入

It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.

2) International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入

It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.

3) International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入

It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.

2. Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:

1) Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织 2) Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入 3. National Organization（国家组织）:

1) The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理 2) The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局 Notes:

Access to能进入，能适用 tourist operators旅游经营商 police registration出境证明 Frontier formalities边境手续 air carriers航空公司 baggage checks行李票

Accreditation services审定工作 contracting countries签约国 in accordance with根据 Apply to适用于 be of use有用的 eligible for合格，够资格 concentrate on集中于

Rank ICAO：the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织 IATA：the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会 PNS：Passenger Network Services乘客网络服务公司

PATA：Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会

USTTA：United States Travel and Tourism Administration 美国旅行和旅游协会 CNTA：The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游管理局

ECOSOC：Economic and Social Council of the UN联合国经济组织及社会理事会 Tourist operators 旅游经营商Frontier formalities边境手续（过境手续） Air carriers 航空公司Baggage checks 行李票

Accreditation service审定工作Contracting countries签约国Set rate 统一汇率

International Organizations 国际（性）组织Regional International Organizations地区性国际组织 National Organizations国家级旅游组织On a worldwide scale 世界规模

Police registration 出境证明as排名 second to仅次于 engaged in从事于

Lesson 4 Defining the Person 1. International travel

1) The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次

提出的建议）

The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visiting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours. 2) The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：

The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveler called an international excursionist.

3) Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel and

Tourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：

It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.

4) The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the Expert

Statistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：

They suggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.

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