新编基础医学英语答案部分(4)

3. Those who come to the center before the age of 6 months.

4. Those who grow up with other children.

5. A germ-free environment is not good to the growth of the children.

Part C

Text A

Comprehension Check

I

1. oxidation 2. trachea bronchi lobes 3. phagocytes

1-5

4. breastbone / sternum 5. ventilation diffusion perfusion

Vocabulary Study

1. indispensable 2. respiratory 3. epiglottis 4. involuntary 5. spontaneous

6. diaphragm 7. concentration 8. allergen 9. Vaccines 10. alveoli

Translation

I

1. 气血屏障的平均厚度约为1微米。氧气快速地通过气血屏障进入毛细血管内的血液。 同样地二氧化碳从血液进入肺泡并被呼出体外。

2. 衰老对呼吸系统的影响和对其它器官的影响是相似的：最大功能逐渐下降。与年龄相 关的肺部改变包括气流量峰值、气体交换量及肺活量（一次最大吸气后再尽最大能力 所呼出的气体量）下降；还包括呼吸肌衰弱和肺的防御能力减弱。

3. 呼吸的频率随人体的需求而变化，并由大脑中叫做延髓的呼吸中枢调节

4. 有些颈部和背部损伤会使脊髓断开从而切断脑和肌肉间的神经联系，这时如果不进行 人工通气患者会死亡。

5. 过敏症是免疫系统把某种异物误认为对人体的威胁从而对其发生的过度反应。 II

1. Three processes are essential for the transfer of oxygen from the outside air to the blood flowing through the lungs: ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion.

2. Cilia beat more than 1,000 times a minute, moving the mucus that lines the trachea about 0.5 to 1 centimeter per minute.

3. The heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood throughout the body to nourish the tissues.

4. The nasal cavities warm, moisten the inhaled gases and filter the air of possible新编基础医学英语答案部分

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contaminants.

5. Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the body's bronchial tissues, whose typical symptoms are coughing, wheezing and the inability to breathe normally.

Text B

Comprehension Check

I

1-4 FTFF 5-8 TFFT

II

1. Asthma attacks can last minutes to days, even to years.

2. The main causes of asthma include allergens, genes, infections, intense exercises, etc.

3. The classic symptoms of an asthma attack include wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness or chest pain, neck tightness, rapid heart rate and sweating.

4. EIA stands for Exercise-induced asthma. It is a limited form of asthma in which exercise triggers coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath. This condition generally occurs in children and young adults, most often during intense exercise in cold dry air. Symptoms are generally most intense about 10 minutes after exercising and then gradually resolve.

5. Avoiding allergens, following appropriate drug treatments, and home monitoring are key elements in preventing dangerous asthma attacks. In addition, good communication between the doctor and patient is a key factor in a successful management program.

III

1-5

1. developed 2. complex；vary 3. childhood

4. mucus 5. lung function；rule out

Text C

1. Tobacco smoke frequently tops the list of the most common triggers of an asthma attack.

2. Roughly 200 of the 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke are considered toxic, and about 40 of the chemicals may cause cancer.

3. No, second-hand smoke can, in some circumstances, be more dangerous because it contains higher concentrations of damaging substances, such as tar and carbon monoxide.

4. Tobacco smoke can cause a wide range of medical conditions such as allergies, bronchitis, pneumonia, cancer and ischemic heart disease etc.

5. Quit smoking; do not allow smoking in the home; do not allow smoking in the same vehicle; work with your employer to limit smoking at work; use the non-smoking areas at restaurants and other establishments, or avoid them completely.