南京大学MTI英语翻译基础答案 by东哥(3)

Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes. I think of it as the English Revolution.

What makes it especially English? Obviously, it began in England. England was already the leading manufacturing nation. But the manufacture was cottage industry, and the Industrial Revolution begins in the villages. The men who make it are

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南大英语翻译答案

craftsmen: the millwright, the watchmaker, the canal builder, and the blacksmith. What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside?

During the first half of the eighteenth century, in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society, England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventurers. The summer faded. Trade grew more competitive. By the end of the century the needs of industry were harsher and more pressing. The organization of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough. Within two generations, roughly between 1760 and 1820, the customary way of running industry changed. Before 1760, it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes. By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.

参考答案：工业革命是开始于1760的一系列变革。它绝非是唯一的：它是三场革命中的

一场，另外两场革命分别是始于1775的美国独立战争和始于1789年的法国大革命。把工业革命与两场政治革命放在一起来讨论似乎有些奇怪。但是事实上它们都是社会革命。工业革命只是以英国化的方式使社会发生改变，我把他看成英国革命。

是什么使这次革命极其英国化？很显然，它开始于英格兰。英格兰已经是领先的生产国，但是制造业都是家庭手工业，因此工业革命在乡村开始的。发起这次革命的是一些工匠，包括造水车工匠、钟表匠、运河建造者以及铁匠。使工业革命如此英国化的因素是它植根于农村。 在十八世纪上半叶，在牛顿生命的晚期，在英国皇家协会不断衰落中，英格兰的乡村工业和商业冒险家的海外贸易在最后的兴旺中大大受益。鼎盛时期开始走下坡路了，贸易竞争越来越激烈。十八世纪末，工业需求越来越严酷，越来越紧迫。家庭手工业的生产组织方式满足不了需求。两代之内，大体上从1760年到1820年，经营工业的传统方式发生了改变。在1760年前，把工作带到村民们家里做是当时的标准。到1820年，其标准是把工人带到工厂里去工作并监控他们的行为。

Section B English to Chinese

中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的―诸子百家‖。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情找，“民为邦本”，“民贵君轻”的民本思想，―己所不欲勿施于人‖的待人之道，吃苦耐劳，勤俭持家，尊师重教的传统美德，世代相传。所有这些，对家庭，国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。

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南大英语翻译答案

参考答案: The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and ZhuangZi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term ―the masters’ hundred schools.‖ The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying‖Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country‖; the populist ideas that ―people are the foundation of the country‖ and that ―people are the more important than the monarch‖; the code of conduct of ―Treat others as you want to be treated‖. And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.

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南大英语翻译答案

2012年

I. Phrase Translation

1.不可再生资源：non-renewable resources 2.泡沫经济：bubble economy 3.通货紧缩: deflation

4.财政赤字: fiscal deficit

5.参政议政: participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs 6.人才流失: brain drain 7.扶贫: poverty alleviation 8.春蕾计划: Spring Buds Program 9.按揭贷款: mortgage loans 10.网民: netizen

11.用户在技术交流时，向贵方专家提出了许多问题。questions 12.中国的经济是一个大问题，各级领导务必优先考虑。issue

13.一座大厦如果有了白蚁，不加防治，不到十年时间，里面的地板就会被蚀蛀一空。Prevention and treatment

14. 我们要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展的发达的农业。Farming; agriculture 15.EU: 欧盟（European Union）

16.IMF: 国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund） 17.APEC: 亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 18.YOG: 青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)

19.FIFA: 国际足球联盟（Federation Internationale de Football Association） 20.ISBN: 国际标准图书编号（International Standard Book Number）

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南大英语翻译答案

21.sovereign credit rating: 主权信用评级 22.webcasting: 网播，网络直播 23.no smoke without fire: 无风不起浪 24.look for a needle in a haystack. 大海捞针

25. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. 照片底片 26. Last December, Washington Post first reported that investigations were being made in each of t-he cites, but officials refused to confirm the story. 报道 27. Slowly, Apollo 11 began to rise. The sound of the liftoff overwhelmed the screams of millions of spectators, many of whom now called in unison, ―Go! Go! Go! Go!‖ 覆盖，淹没

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