清华大学考研辅导强化班英语翻译讲义(11)

3.替换法译例

混合法即是为了便于译文的表达，采用打破原文的定语结构的方法，用自己的话译出原文的意思；如：

1) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。

2) Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes.

好的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差。 4. 兼有状语功能的定语从句的译例

1) We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。（表示原因）

2) The diode is coated with a thin layer of hard glass which eliminates the need for a hermetically sealed package.

二极管的表面有一层薄薄的硬玻璃，故无需使用密封的管壳。（表示结果）

3) Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work

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清华大学考研辅导强化班课程讲义(by mistysky)

and replace man.

尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人。（表示让步） 4) For any machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.

对于任何机器来说，如果知其输入力和输出力，就能求出其机械效益。（表示条件） 5) I‘ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical glossary, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.

我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典，以便把科学文献译得更准确。（表示目的）

第十一讲 其他从句 灵活处理

XI. 其他从句 灵活处理

考题实例：Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. （2000） 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员。 （主语从句，短语词组） 1.主语从句的翻译

1) 由代词what, whatever, whoever等引起的主语从句 1) What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。

2) Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。

3) Whoever comes to our public reference library will be welcome. 什么人到我们公共参考图书馆来都欢迎。 2) “It” 作为形式主语

1) It doesn‘t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。

2) It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的事。

3) It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。

4) It is rumored that the meeting will be held in June. 据传闻，这次会议将在六月举行。

考题实例：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. （2002）

难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

（表语从句what从句 被动语态 搭配）

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清华大学考研辅导强化班课程讲义(by mistysky)

2表语从句的翻译

1) This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在了。

2) Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。

3) His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。

考题实例：If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. （1998）

假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙紧缩说。 （同位语）

3英语同位语从句的翻译 1) 保持原本的语序；如：

(1) He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。

(2) We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。 2) 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句；如：

(1) They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.

对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。

(2) It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。

3) 加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼；如：

(1) But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.

但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。

(2) And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.

而且总有这种可能性 ── 一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。 4) 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出；如：

(1) An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.

已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。

(2) Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.

即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。

考题实例：And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.（2001）

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清华大学考研辅导强化班课程讲义(by mistysky)

家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病—厨房狂躁。

（状语从句 定语 词语搭配） 4英语状从句的翻译 1. 时间状语从句

1）按通常的主从关系译作汉语的时间状语从句

(1) While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。

(2) Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关电灯。

(3) He had scarcely handed me the letter when he aske …… 此处隐藏：3850字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……