600th卸船机垂直臂驱动部分结构设计(9)

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

the operators were looking down, they adopted a posture with the back 30--40o forward and the head inclined forward 30--35o. Much the same postures were adopted for inclination of the head and back in both old and new types of unloaders, so as to achieve a posture with the head inclined forward to about 60--70o from a vertical position. Some drivers bent the lower back more than others to achieve this angle; other drivers bent the neck more to achieve the same angle. Increasing angle of forward inclination of the head is associated with localized fatigue, the greater the angle the greater the fatigue. The driver must have good downward visibility to guide the grab into the hold without causing damage and to pick up a full load. The distance from the centreline of the grab to the drivers eyes was 3.5 m; the cab floor was 31.1 m above the jetty floor; and only the lower front window was normally used. If the driver wanted to check the movement of the grab relative to the hold or if he wanted to see inside the hold, the geometry of the situation dictated that he must either bend forward to 77 cm from the window or bend sideways to 14 cm from the vertical position. Bending forward would decrease the angle between the thigh and trunk. This angle should preferably be not less than 105o for comfort, though the range 85--100o is recommended for drivers of heavy vehicles (Courtney and Wong, 1985). This angle ranged from 70o to 90o for most of the work cycle. Bending sideways caused the drivers to adopt awkward postures. The postures adopted when looking into the hold were superimposed onto one-quarter of the scale drawings of the cab using 5th and 95th percentile manikins

42

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

based on dimensions from Courtney and Wong (1985). With these manikins, a range of seat adjustments using the seat reference point (SRP) to specify seat locations were tested for 5th and 95th percentile drivers. Seat reference point (SRP) is where the middle of the seat and the backrest intersect. The seat pan should tilt forward to allow the drivers to adopt a more nearly standing posture sometimes. Under such a posture, the eye height would increase so that the front lower clean window area must be increased to 1.06 m . If we improve driver posture by raising eye height to around 1 m, the control boxes must be modified to provide a relatively unobstructed view and permit easier window cleaning. The drivers prefer to sit well forward to obtain a visual field free from obstruction by the control boxes. If we improve driver posture by raising eye height and allow a greater range of postures by making it possible for the drivers sit further back, the control boxes must be modiTed. There is quite a lot of control equipment in each box so careful study of the electrical layout is required. Much of the space at the bottom of the box is taken up by a bus bar which may be fairly easily relocated. Every effort should be made to reduce the box by cutting away part of the inside edge. A preferable solution would be to move the entire box back 15 cm to give an unobstructed view and permit much easier window cleaning . If this is done, it is highly desired to attempt to reduce the overall length of the box by taking 15 cm or more of the rear of the box to permit easier access to the roll back seat. The window grill acted as a footrest. The present grill attachments are totally inadequate and the

43

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

windows are removable. If the control boxes are moved back, a hinged window and grill could be fitted to make the window cleaning easier.

44

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

散装物料抓斗门座卸船机的人机工程

艾伦J考！，艾伦H.S.陈

工业部及制造系统工程系，香港，薄扶林，香港大学

制造工程系和工程管理，香港城市大学，达之路，香港大学

摘要

本文是一个关于抓斗门座卸船机驾驶室人体工程学的研究。我们的研究结果表明，因驾驶员采取不当的姿态，特别是操作室的基本尺寸，在他们用中央下方的前窗观察时，控制箱会阻挡视线。因为目前航运使用的散装货轮货仓与以前相比更大，这些问题进一步加剧了。

本研究评估工作场所和抓斗门座卸船机的从人机工程学的角度研究散装物料驾驶室的工作区设计。同时也提出了一些改进建议。 （1999年相关学院B.诉全部版权所有。）

关键词：散装物料输送;抓斗门机驾驶室设计; 人机工程学 1.导言

本文通过调查得知，大功率卸船机多用于停泊在码头的煤船上，把煤转移到一个控制传送带的漏斗内。驾驶员抱怨的各种不便大概是由于驾驶室的设计缺点造成的。坐在卸船机机舱的驾驶员伸开手臂便可将手臂伸出船舱。这项工作涉及到操纵抓斗几乎垂直下降到船舱下进行加载抓住，然后取消加载抓住和转移货物到一个漏斗内，驾驶员的这些基本操作都是略低于眼水平的。本研究从人机工程学的角度对驾驶室做出了评估，同时还提出了改善建议。本文研究的卸船机是大约7年前被安装的。考特尼和Evans（1993）研究了更古老的抓斗门座卸船机驾驶室，得出的结论是从垂直方向上看驾驶员躯干向前倾斜的角度高达40o，颈部高达70o，背部和颈部很可能会因其静态负荷而导致问题。

2.方法

有关卸船机一般运作的信息是从企业获得的。这些资料信息也同样对起重机的（Burdorf和Zondervan，1990;古斯塔夫森，Soderman，1987）座位（安德森，1986）和姿势（buckle et al.,，1986）适用。我们与16个抓斗门座卸船机的驾驶员进行了面谈，谈论的问题涵盖了工作空间，座椅，控制系统，显示器，可视

45

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）

性和照明，姿势功能负荷，热环境，噪声和振动，工作时间和一般性因素。驾驶室的布局是在卸船机驾驶室尺寸记录允许的情况下被重建的，从而能够在没有获得必要的卸船机的情况下对解决方案进行测试。将卸船机的几何构造和最大的货轮相结合，以界定工作时的视觉要求。此外，通过连续的视频拍摄记录驾驶员采取的姿态和操作顺序。这些人体模型、现有图纸和拟定的驾驶室布局都被用来预测驾驶员在驾驶室姿势的变化。 3.结果

纵观卸船机的总体布局及驾驶室的详细图则。在右侧控制台前端的操纵机构控制打开和关闭，以及提高和降低抓斗。在左侧控制台前端的操纵机构可沿臂遍历抓斗。这个控制台背后是一个操 …… 此处隐藏：3631字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……