2011年高考英语考前辅导1 - 图文(7)

6．预测题

有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。 常见的与预测相关的问题主要有：

What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph? What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? What would… do in the end?

做这类题时应常常要纵览全文，把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），作者往往在前文提出几个要解决或说明的问题，提出几种观点看法，然后在下文一一解释说明，考生可通过文章，找出作者已经阐明了哪些问题或观点，然后接下去文章将会如何发展便一目了然了。

例题1：

Giving Back Fair Way

The Westborough High School golf team had taken the official photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won. ― No one would have known, ― said Woburn’s instructor, Bob Doran. For Rota, it wasn’t a difficult decision: ―The prize wasn’t ours to take.‖

60. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end?

A. Took photos of Doran. B. Had a meeting with Doran. C. Returned the prize to the organizer. D. Apologized to Woburn High School. 61. Greg Rota’s decision shows that he was .

A. honest B. polite C. careful D. friendly

答案与解析：60.选C。文章思路结局题。这篇阅读的主题是Give Back （归还，回报），全文有三篇小短文，都是围绕这一主题展开的，这是其中的一篇。此题属于“结局推断题”。其结果文章并没有明显地表白，完全由人物的说话来推断。由fair way (公平，公正)，尤其是最后一句 it wasn’t a difficult decision: ― The prize wasn’t ours to take.‖ 可知，Rota 发现了记分错误，并决定把本不属于自己的奖还回组委会。

61.选A 。此题属于“人物性格推断题”。Greg Rota 知道奖品本不该属于自己时就马上决定退回奖品，说明他很诚实。

三、主旨大意题解题技能

高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。

在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________.

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(3) The main idea/ The general idea is/ The main theme of this passage is? (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage?

(7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (8) The purpose of this passage is .

(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? (10) Which of the following best summarized the passage? (11) The passage mainly focuses on . 从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。 ●怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意——主题句定位法

文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。

但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： 1. 正三角形写作法

即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。 例题：（备注：所有高考题均保留原题号。）

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

…

71. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.

B. Opinions about competition are different among people. C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

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D. Failures are necessary experience in competition. 答案与解析：选B。文中第一句便提出了中心论点。 2. 倒三角形写作法

即主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。

例题1：

On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play …… 此处隐藏：8734字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……