2011年高考英语考前辅导1 - 图文(5)

（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反； （5）部分正确，部分错误。

有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。

值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。

细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型： 1.描写类细节题

描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。(以下所选文章段落都来之近四年的高考题，并保留原题号)

例题： … …

Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. … …

―Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,‖ says Jim Martland, Research Director of the project. ―However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.‖

… …

●Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are. Now you need never get lost again! 65. Scientists believe that_______.

A. some babies are born with a sense of direction. B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older C. people never lose their sense of direction

D. everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth 66. What is true of seven-year-old children according to the passage? A. They never have a sense of direction without maps

B. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction C. They have a sense of direction and can find their way around D. They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car. 67. According to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to ________. A. ask policemen for directions.

B. use walls, streams, and streets to guide yourself C. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs

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D. count the number of landmarks that you see 答案与解析：

65. 选D。根据第二段首句可知：科学家认为我们生来就有方向感。 66. 选C。根据第三段首句可知，七岁大的小孩就具备了辨别方向的能力。

67. 选B。根据Jim Martland所给的第三条建议中的“… by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you.”即可得出答案。 2．数据计算题

此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。

例题： ?

Tuition Fees (学费)

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui @ waikato．ac．nz. Accommodation (住宿)

You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato．ac．nz

…

68. You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000

答案与解析：选B。本篇是介绍新西兰Waikato大学的广告。从Tuition Fees (学费)：Tuition fees are different from department to department．generally from$5，000 to$6，000 a year. For further information：tui @waikato.ac.nz . Accommodation(住宿)：You can have a room in a 4- bedroom fiat, which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person. For further information：acc @ waikato．ac．nz．可知答案为B。$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000． 3．排序题

这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类试题时可采用“首尾法定位法”，即找出事件发展的首与尾，迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项。或直接逐一用排除法按顺序排除，得出正确选项。

例题： …

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People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.

…

54. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?

a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. D. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc

B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad

答案与解析：选B。细节理解题。由本段的描述可以确定第一件事是Make a shopping list（列购物清单，明确买什么）。最后一件事是Go to a self-checkout stand（去付款台（自动）付钱），排除A、 C，然后再看ab的先后顺序，排除选项D。本题也可结合自己的购物常识进行快速判断。 4．信息寻找题、广告阅读题