合同的翻译 修订

Translation of Contract

Definition Contracts are agreements between equal natural persons, legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing, altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations. (Contract Law of People’s Republic of China) 合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织 之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的 协议。

国际商务合同的种类 Categories of International Business Contracts1) Contracts for International Sale of Goods 国际货物销售合同 2) Contracts for International Technology Transfer 国际技术转让合同 3) Contracts for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures 中外合资经营企业合同 4) Contracts for International Engineering Projects 国际工程承包合同

5) Contracts for Compensation Trade 补偿贸易合同 6) Contracts for Sino-foreign Cooperative Development of Natural Resources 中外合作开采自然资源合同 7) Contracts for International Leasing Affairs 涉外租赁合同 8) Contracts for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans 涉外信贷合同 9) Contracts for Foreign Labor Services 涉外劳务合同 10) Contracts for International Build-Operate-Transfer 国际BOT投资合同(建设-经营-移交)

按照格式的繁简程度的不同，国际商务合 同可以采取： 正式合同(Contract) 协议书(Agreement) 确认书(Confirmation) 备忘录(Memorandum) 定单(Order)等书面形式。

合同的语言特征 程式化 准确性 严谨性 一致性 庄重性 简明化

程式化 出口合同 本合同于由ABC贸易有限公司(以下简称“卖方”) 和 XYZ贸易有限公司(以下简称“买方”)于 2012年8月5日签订。买卖双方同意按以下条款购 买、出售下述商品。 Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 2012 between ABC Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and conditions.

This Contract is made this 16th date of Oct., 1998 in Beijing,China by and between ABC (Full Name) Company under the Law of ,having its registered address in ,Its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer") and DEF (Full Name) Company under the Law of ,having its registered address In ,its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller"); whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:

本合同由依 法律成立的ABC(全称)公司， 其登记注册地在 ，法定地址为(以下简称 买方)和依 法律成立的DEF(全称)公司， 其登记注册地在 ，法定地址为 (以下简 称卖方)于1998年10月16日在中国北京订 立，双方同意按下述条款买卖下列货物：

准确性《乌拉圭回合

多边贸易谈判结果法律文本》 The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: the Legal Text application: 适用 enforcement: 执行 implementation: 实施 operation: 运用 harm: 损害 injury: 损害 serious prejudice: 严重侵害 nullify:丧失 impair: 减损

may、shall、should、will、may not、 shall not 等词语的法律内涵 a. May:在表示合同上的权利(Right)、权限 (Power)或特权(Privilege)的场合中使用。 若表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性的时候， 更多的是“be entitled”。 b. Shall:在合同中并不是单纯的将来时，一般 用它来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务 (Obligation)。如未履行，即视为违约，并构 成某种赔偿责任。所以，shall在译文里，通常 表示“应该”或“必须”,当然，也有不翻译 的时候。例如：

The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. 双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的 或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中又 无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议 的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。

The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides. 货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。 The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China. 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决 均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。

c. Should:在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱 的假设，多翻译成“万一”或“如果”,极少 译成“应该”。 The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman. Should the chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the board meeting. 董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持；若董事长 缺席，原则上应由副董事长召集、主持。

d. Will:一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下， 也用做表示承担义务的声明，但语气和强制力 比Shall弱。 e. May not(或shall not):用于禁止性义务， 即“不得做什么”。

严谨性 本协议自签订之日起生效。 This agreement shall come into force on and from the day of signature. 经友好协商，双方本着互利的原则，XX和YY 特签订……合同。 Through friendly negotiations, Party XX and

Party YY, on the principle of mutual benefits, have hereby reached the contract as follows: