2015锂电池航空运输IATA官方指南英文版(5)

switched on and off with a push-button which could be reactivated in flight by the

inadvertent movement of baggage or cargo. Accordingly, further steps are required to inhibit the circuits of such devices, for example separating the power supply between the batteries and the control mechanism by disconnecting cable plugs or connectors, or inserting an inhibiting plug. Any exposed electrical terminals must be insulated to prevent short circuit. Batteries should not be routinely disconnected or removed,

since this is often very difficult to do, and if not done properly can increase the risk of a fire.

To check that electrical circuits have been inhibited, prior to loading place the device into drive mode (i.e. not freewheel mode), try to power up the device be pressing the on/off switch and see if use of the joystick results in the mobility aid moving. A check should also be made that batteries are securely attached to the mobility aid and battery terminals are protected from short circuit. If it is evident that an electric mobility aid has not been made safe, it must not be loaded.

Once loaded onboard the aircraft or into a ULD, the electric mobility aid should be returned to drive mode as this will help prevent it moving with the potential for

damage. Devices must be secured to prevent movement and may require load-spreading (consult the airline ground handling manual for details).

Frequently Asked Questions

Part 1 – Questions Related to Definitions

A. What are the various types of lithium batteries?

Lithium batteries fall into two broad classifications; lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium metal batteries are generally non-rechargeable and contain metallic lithium. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are

rechargeable.

B. What are lithium polymer batteries?

A lithium polymer battery is a type of lithium ion battery. Generally, the main

difference is lithium ion polymer batteries contain a polymer electrolyte.

C. What is the difference between a lithium cell and a lithium battery?

A lithium cell is a single encased electrochemical unit consisting of one positive and one negative electrode that exhibits a voltage differential across the two terminals. A lithium battery is two or more cells electrically connected. A single cell battery is considered a cell and not a battery for the purposes of the limitations set out in the DGR. primary function of providing a source of power to another piece of equipment

are for the purposes of these Regulations treated as batteries. Refer to the

section on Definitions for complete details.

D. How are component cells connected to form a battery?

Cells in batteries may be connected in parallel, in series, or in a combination of the two. When cells are connected in series the voltage of the battery increases but the capacity in ampere-hours (Ah) does not change. By contrast, when cells are

connected in parallel the capacity in ampere-hours of the battery (Ah) increases but the voltage stays the same.

E. How do I determine the watt-hour rating for a particular lithium ion battery? The watt-hour (Wh) rating is a measure by which lithium ion batteries are regulated. Section II Lithium ion batteries manufactured after 1 January 2009 are required to be marked with the watt-hour rating. Section I Lithium ion batteries manufactured after 31 December 2011 are required to be marked with the watt-hour rating.

You can also arrive at the number of watt-hours your battery provides if you know the battery’s nominal voltage (V) and capacity in ampere-hours (Ah):

Ah x V = Wh

This information is often marked on the battery.

Note that if only the milli-ampere-hours (mAh) are marked on the battery then divide that number by 1000 to get ampere-hours (Ah) (i.e. 4400 mAh / 1000 = 4.4. Ah).

Most lithium ion batteries marketed to consumers are below 100 watt-hours. If you are unsure of the watt-hour rating of your lithium ion battery, contact the

manufacturer.

F. What is a button cell battery?

A button cell battery is a round small cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter.

Part 2 – Questions related to Packaging and Transport Provisions

A. How do I safely package lithium batteries for transport?

One of the major risks associated with the transport of batteries and battery-powered equipment is short-circuit of the battery as a result of the battery terminals coming into contact with other batteries, metal objects, or conductive surfaces. Packaged

batteries or cells must be separated in a way to prevent short circuits and damage to terminals. They must be packed in a strong outer packaging or be contained in equipment. Sample packaging meeting these requirements is shown below:

B. How can batteries be effectively protected against short circuit?

Methods to protect against short circuit include, but are not limited to, the following methods:

a. Packing each battery or each battery-powered device when

practicable, in fully enclosed inner packagings made of non-

conductive material (such as a plastic bag);

b. Separating or packing batteries in a manner to prevent contact with

other batteries, devices or conductive materials (e.g., metal) in the

packagings; and

c. Ensuring exposed terminals or connectors are protected with non-

conductive caps, non-conductive tape, or by other appropriate means.

If not impact resistant, the outer packaging should not be used as the sole means of protecting the battery terminals from damage or short-circuiting. Batteries should be securely cushioned and packed to prevent shifting which could loosen terminal caps or reorient the terminals to produce short circuits.

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