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“Needham Question” in Chinese

History of Translation

Abstract: In contrast with the prosperous translation practices, theoretical studies on translation in the history of Chinese translation are considerable scarce, not to mention schools of theories. A survey on the two traditions of positive translation and negative translation reveals that the reasons mainly lie in the field of translation itself. Shaped by Chinese cultural ethnocentrism and Confucian practical rationality, translation has always been viewed as a pure instrument for governing and beyond. In consequence, it has never become a serious subject for academic exploration. Such an instrumental orientation of translation leads to a tradition scant of theoretical research. In addition, in the history of negative translation, the translators were even lower in status and more invisible in works translated, and their creativity was also suppressed to a greater extent. Consequently, the history of negative translation fosters much less theoretical achievements than that of positive translation.

Key Words: the history of translation; theoretical studies; positive translation; negative translation