初中英语八种时态归纳复习(3)

【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：

He is doing his homework.(名词)

They did nothing this morning.(代词)

She wants to go home.(不定式)

We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

【注意】

①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：

He bought me（间接宾语） a book.（直接宾语）

Pass me （间接宾语）the ball（直接宾语），will you？(间宾＋直宾)

直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：

Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾＋间宾)

Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾＋间宾)

②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：

I hope to see you again.

③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：

Do you mind my opening the window？

④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

a) forget to do sth表示“未发生的动作”，

forget doing sth表示“已完成的动作”。如：

Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)

I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)

b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，

stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：

I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)

The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)

4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：

What a beautiful kite it is！(形容词)

She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

There are two students in the classroom.(数词)

We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)

【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。

5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：

Thank you very much.(副词)

I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)

He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)

We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)

【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：

He is old enough to go to school.

6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：

They are workers.(名词)

Two and three is five.(数词)

The story is very interesting.(形容词)

M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)

She is at home.(介词短语)

I feel terrible.(形容词)

The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)

7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：

We elected him monitor.(名词)

I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)

The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)

He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)

They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)