English Paper Writing & Publication(5)

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Textual Development

Unit 6-7

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Theoretical or ExperimentalNo professional paper is purely theoretical or experimental. According to the different emphases and distinct features– Theoretical research paper – Experimental research paper

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

I. Features of Theoretical PaperFocus on the aspects of1. Description 2. Logical development, 3. Reasoning (persuasion)

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

1. DescriptionTwo basic approaches to description– Objective description – Subjective description

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

1) Objective DescriptionTo give impersonal information and accurate data To present the research object itself To precisely describe– conditions, – materials, – methods, – processes – results

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

2) Subjective DescriptionShow the author’s impression of or responses to what he sees– Describe the object itself – Express directly or indirectly his/her impression or opinions His attitude or bias on what he is describing

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Professional paper writingTake an objective approach instead of a subjective one– Focus on the object rather on his personal reaction to it.

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Balance themAccording to the topic, thesis, purpose and audience of a paper, balance between objectivity and subjectivity.– Objective description the product of a subjective selection of details

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

3) Six RequirementsFor research description, follow these six general writing requirements:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Presenting a picture of the object Illustrating the object in artificial languages Making necessary comparison Sizing the object specially Locating the object correctly Generalizing the observation carefully

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

(1) Presenting a picture of the objectTo describe– the appearance of an object – the details or process of an investigation .

To give information about factors with which the research topic is involved.(factors that may affect your experiment or investigation)

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Words to list or classify factsn. group, set, class, kind, variety be included in be grouped with exclude, except, include, comprise, contain subgroup, subpision, subset

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

(2) Illustrating the object in artificial languageTo clarify by use of examples or comparisons. To give the data and information in the form of– – – –

Figures Graphs (曲线图) Pictures Tables

To give details or origins of data and information– In the form of notes – In the form of references

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Words for illustrationWords for illustration or analogy– for example /for instance, – such as, – a case in point is… (example that is relevant to the matter being

discussed) – sth. can be compared to… – to draw an analogy between X and Y – by the same token … (in a corresponding way, following from the same arguement.相应的， 基于同一理由) She must be more reasonable, but by the same token you must try to understand her.

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

(3) Making necessary comparisonTo make the description clearer– comparing an object or process with something

readers are familiar with

Describe shapes or forms– L-shaped – S-shape

d – shaped like an H – somewhat resembling an inverted U – having a Zigzag path

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Describe the shape of the object1. n phrase +be+ a.+ in shape Eg: A coin is circular in shape. A ruler is rectangular in shape. 2. n phrase +have+ a.+ n Eg: A square has parallel sides. 3. n phrase +is shaped like+ n Eg: The material’s longitudinal section is shaped like a triangle. A basketball is shaped like a sphere. This tube is U-shaped.

English Paper Writing & Publication 英语论文写作发表(英文版ppt)Textual Development

Words for similarity or differenceresemble / resemblance, ~ sb/sth eg: She resembles her brother in looks. similar / dissimilar / similarity eg: Her latest book is quite dissimilar from her previous ones. These wines are similar. unlike Identical /exactly equal and alike connected with differ from / be different from on the contrary