chapter_1_Style_and_Stylistics_教案

■Course: English Stylistics

■Time: Sep.6-30

■Course material: English Stylistics: A New Course Book《新编英语文体学教程》董启明编著 外语教学与研究出版社

■Teaching procedure: Part OneTheoretical Preliminaries(理论预备) and Major Varieties（主要变体）of English

Chapter 1 Style and Stylistics

1.1 Introduction

1. What is Language? And in which aspects of language does stylistics focus on?

A. Language is the primary object of the study of linguistics, and linguists construct theories of language in general or of particular languages from differing points of view. The discussion of the concepts of style should focus on some essential aspects of language on which most linguists agree.

B. Language is viewed as a system of different types of linguistic organization such as phonology, syntax and lexicon. The English language consists of its pattern of sounds, sets of grammatical rules and a large body of vocabulary.

C. Language is also a social phenomenon, or institution, whereby people communicate and interact with each other. A language of a particular society is part of the society’s culture. Language activities operate within social activities. The language of a participant in a social activity reflects his social characteristics (such as his status, ethnic group, age and sex). It also reflects his awareness of the various factors of a social situation in which he finds himself. He should adjust his language in accordance with the medium of communication (speech or writing), the setting (private or public), the relationship with the addressee (in terms of the degree of intimacy or social distance), and the purpose (to inform, to persuade, etc.).

2. Varieties 变体 of Language(variety=style)

A. Varieties in relation to regions---- British/American English

B. Varieties in relation to media----Spoken English/Written English

C. Varieties in relation to attitude----degrees of formality/politeness/ impersonality/imformality

D. Varieties in relation to social factors----Women’s English/Black English/Taboo and Euphemism

E. Varieties in relation to social Genre----The English of Conversation / Public speaking / News reporting/Advertising/Literary English (The Novel/Poetry)/ Science and Technology/Legal Documents

2. Read the following group of sentences: Are there any differences between them?

a. My beloved parent has just passed to his heavenly reward. hyper-formal, literary

b. My dear father has just expired. formal, unemotional

c. My dear father has just died. normal, factual

d. My dad has died. informal, plain

e. My old man just kicked the bucket. slangy, lacking inrespect

3. Varieties analysis theory----Stylistics (文体学)

★Essence of stylistics : Appropriate use of language is considered the key to effective communication.

e.g. How to suck an egg? (Example and Analysis: Page 3)

★Analysis : The difference lies in the fact that the young student used some big and formal words, such as perforation(齿孔,hole) ,apex (顶点，最高点 top), aperture(小孔，缝隙，opening), inhaling（吸气） discharged（流出）, which made her utterance difficult to understand, especially by an old woman without much education,while the old woman used informal words, such as gal, hole, end and suck. As a result, her utterance is easy to understand.

★Note: Different styles should be used on different occasions, and the key to the effective use of language is “”, and the key to is 1.2 Definitions of Style/Stylistics/Text

1. Text

Definition: A TEXT is any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that forms a unified whole. It may be the product of a single speaker/writer (e.g. a sign, a letter, a news report, a statue, a novel), or that of several speakers (e.g. a piece of conversation, a debate).

For example,

Two boys stood near a jeweller’Analysis:

A text is realized by a sequence of language units, whether they are sentences or not. The connection among parts of a text is achieved by various cohesive devices, and by semantic and pragmatic implication. In the text you may notice the following modifications, which serve as 1) grammatical cohesive devices:

(a) the use of the definite article on second mention, e.g. (b) the substitution of pronouns for nouns. e.g.

two boys---- they

(c) the use of conjunction. e.g.

They ran after him, because…

2) the lexical cohesion in the text is realized by the collocation of the words that are in some way or other typically associated with one another, e.g. steal all the watches; took him for a thief

2. Style

Definition----Manners indicating prominent linguistic features, devices or patterns, most (at least) frequently occur in a particular text of a particular variety of language.

Analysis:①Manners (appropriateness) [Study Aims]

indicating prominent

②

a) linguistic features (phonological /lexical /syntactic /grammatical/semantic features),

b) devices (device markers) or

c) Patterns(文体/语体常规“型式”) [Study Scope]

③most (or least) frequently occur (words/sentences percentage) [Study Approach]

in a particular

④ text(语篇、篇章、文本) of a particular

⑤ variety of language. [Study Material]

2. Stylistics

Definition----Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels.

which studies style [Study

Approach] concerning the manners/linguistic features [Study Aims] of different varieties of language [Study Scopes] at different levels [Study Scopes].

1.4 The Development of Stylistics

《文心雕龙 · 刘勰》摘录

《说文》云:“体,总十二属也,从骨。”即体的本义指人体骨骼系统,有整体构成之义,象

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