高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

①错综时间条件句:

当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.

②if省略句

在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：

If I were at school again, I would study harder.

→Were I at school again, I would study harder.

如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。

If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.

→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.

如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。

③用介词代替条件状语从句

常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：

What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)

如果你有100万元，你会做什么？

We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help)

没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。

Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.

= But for your help,

= If it had not been for your help,

= Had it not been for you help,

没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。

④含蓄条件句

有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)

⑤even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。

虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中

1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命

令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条

规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+

愿 , permit, persuade, expect, decide 决 定 , instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint 等等 在 It is/was +上述动词的-ed 形式+that 从句中 当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作 主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时

马上就做。 It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。 My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。 The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。 It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你 必须按时到达那儿。 It is a pity that you fail the exam. It is no wonder he be late for class.

在 It is /was necessary, important 等形容词 +that 从句中， 常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative 等 在 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that 从句中

虚拟语气(3)——虚拟语气的其他用法 虚拟语气 ——虚拟语气的其他用法 —— 对现在的虚拟， 从句的谓语动 词用过去时 过去时 对过去的虚拟， 从句的谓语动 词用过去完成时 过去完成时(had done) 过去完成时 或 “ would/could+ 现 在 完 成 时” 对将来的虚拟， 从句的谓语用 “would/could+动词原形 动词原形” 动词原形 表示“但愿 ” “ 要是 …… 就 ……就 “ 但愿” 要是…… , 好了” 好了 用法和 wish 基本相同， 只是比 wish 具有更强烈的感 情色彩。

I wish I were a little younger. 我希望我能够年轻一点。 I wish I had been there. 我真 希望我当时在那里。 I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我当时没参 加那个聚会。 I wish he could explain what he means. If only the rain would stop. (对将来 将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。 将来 If only I were taller. (对现在 现在 的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一 点就好了。 If only I had followed your advice! (对过去 过去的虚拟)要是 过去 我听从了你的建议就好了！ I really don’t like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的 非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。 你听起来就好像是我爸爸。 He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我 们讲发生的事情， 好像他当时

在 wish 后面的宾语从句中

在 if only 感叹句中

表示与现在事实相反或对现 在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过 过 去时

表示与过去事实相反， 谓语用 过去完成时 在 as if/as though 引导的从句

中

练习题 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it

was made.

A. have read B. had read

C. should have read D. are reading

2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.

A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met

C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet

3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be B. would be

C. have been D. had been

4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.

A. speak B. spoke

C. will speak D. to speak

5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.

A. was B. were

C. has been D. had been

6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.

A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours

C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours

7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.

A. went B. could go

C. have gone D. could have gone

8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?

A. will you B. should you

C. would you D. do you

9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.

A. knew …… 此处隐藏：10630字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……