Elementary statistics-Introduction to Statistics

来源：网络收集时间：2026-09-13

导读：经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介 Lecture SlidesElementary Statistics Eleventh Editionand the Triola Statistics Series by Mario F. Triola Copyright 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1.1 - 1 经典统计教材讲稿,第一

经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Lecture SlidesElementary Statistics Eleventh Editionand the Triola Statistics Series

by Mario F. Triola

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Chapter 1Introduction to Statistics1-1 Review and Preview 1-2 Statistical Thinking 1-3 Types of Data 1-4 Critical Thinking 1-5 Collecting Sample Data

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Section 1-1 Review and Preview

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

PreviewPolls, studies, surveys and other data collecting tools collect data from a small part of a larger group so that we can learn something about the larger group. This is a common and important goal of statistics: Learn about a large group by examining data from some of its members.

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

PreviewIn this context, the terms sample and population have special meaning. Formal definitions for these and other basic terms will be given here. In this section we will look at some of the ways to describe data.

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Data

Datacollections of observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses)

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

StatisticsStatisticsis the science of planning studies and experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

PopulationPopulationthe complete collection of all inpiduals (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied; the collection is complete in the sense that it includes all of the inpiduals to be studied

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Census versus SampleCensusCollection of data from every member of a population

SampleSubcollection of members selected from a population

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Chapter Key ConceptsSample data must be collected in an appropriate way, such as through a process of random selection. If sample data are not collected in an appropriate way, the data may be so completely useless that no amount of statistical torturing can salvage them.Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Section 1-2 Statistical Thinking

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Key ConceptThis section introduces basic principles of statistical thinking used throughout this book. Whether conducting statistical analysis of data that we have collected, or analyzing a statistical analysis done by someone else, we should not rely on blind acceptance of mathematical ca

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Key Concept (continued)Context of the data Source of the data Sampling method Conclusions Practical implications

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

ContextWhat do the values represent? Where did the data come from? Why were they collected? An understanding of the context will directly affect the statistical procedure used.

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Source of dataIs the source objective? Is the source biased? Is there some incentive to distort or spin results to support some selfserving position? Is there something to gain or lose by distorting results? Be vigilant and skeptical of studies from sources that may be biased.Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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经典统计教材讲稿,第一章,统计简介

Sampling MethodDoes the method chosen greatly influence the validity of the conclusion? Voluntary response (or self-selected) samples often have bias (those with special interest are more likely to participate). These samples’ results are not necessarily valid. Other methods are more likely to produce good results.Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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