国际贸易实务(Trade Terms)

International Trade Terms1014030506 孙春杰

10140305121014030518 1014030523

周长宏周辉 邱志先

2.2.2 Categorization of Terms 13 terms into four categories "E"-term—the seller only makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises. "F"-terms — the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer. "C"-terms — the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment or dispatch. "D"-terms — the seller has to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the place of destination.

Incoterms 2000Group E EXW Group F FCA FAS FOB Group C CFR CIF CPT DepartureEx Works (…named place) 工厂交货( …指定地点)

Main Carriage unpaidFree Carrier (…named place) Free Alongside Ship (…named port of shipment) Free on Board (…named port of shipment) 货交承运人(…指定地点) 船边交货( …指定装运港) 船上交货( …指定装运港)

Main Carriage paidCost and Freight (…named port of destination) Cost, Insurance and Freight (…named port of destination) Carriage Paid to (…named place of destination) 成本加运费( …指定目的港) 成本、保险费加运费( …指定目的港) 运费付至( …指定目的地)

CIP

Carriage and Insurance Paid to (…named place of destination) 运费保险费付至( …指定目的地)

DDP DDU DEQ DES DAF CIP CPT CIF CFR FOB FAS FCA EXW Border of E country Border of I country

Place of destination

Seller’s premises

1st Carrier

Alongside the vessel

Ship’s rail

Port of destination

LEGEND: Risks Obligation & Costs Insurance included Means of transportEmpty Loaded

2.2.3 Brief of Incoterms The “E” term (EXW)

Seller’s obligation min. Placing the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed place – usually his own premises In practice, also including assisting the buyer in loading the goods on the buyer’s collecting vehicle without charging a loading fee For the buyer to get lower price, but too demanding for him, therefore only applied to buyers having offshore branches

EXW Delivery: at seller’s premises Transfer of risks: goods at the disposal of the buyer Packaging and loading: Usu. seller no obligation for export packaging and loading;

Export customs clearance Usu. buyer’s responsibility, sometimes buyer do it for buyer, but bear no risks

The “F” terms (FCA, FAS, FOB) Shipment contract Seller delivers the goods for carriage as instructed by the buyer buyer pays freight and signs carriage contract with carrier and notify seller FAS & FOB only for sea or inland waterway transportation mode Seller’s obligation, cost and risk transfers to buyer after delivery of the goods Seller – exporting license and export customs clearance Buyer – importing license an

d import customs clearance

FCA Free Carrier (…. Named place) Transfer of risks goods at the disposal of the (1st) carrier

Delivery point If at seller’s site, seller responsible for loading If anywhere else, seller responsible for delivering the goods to the point required, but not responsible for unloading or reloading

FAS Free Alongside Ship (…named port of shipment) Delivery point: at port of shipment Transfer of risk: goods put alongside the vessel If vessel unable to enter the port due to force majeure, the seller is responsible for arranging and paying for the lighters to send the goods alongside the vessel offshore. (seller pays for lighter charges)

FOB Free on Board Delivery point: at port of shipment Transfer of risks: goods pass over the ship’s rail Cost and obligation: the seller is paying for the necessary handling of goods until they are loaded onboard the vessel. Strictly speaking, transfer of risks ≠ transfer of obligation and cost

The “C” terms (CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP) Shipment contracts Seller contract for carriage on usual terms at his own expense. CFR & CIF only for sea or inland waterway transportation mode Under CIF and CIP, seller also takes out insurance and insurance cost.

The “C” terms (CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP) Two ―critical‖ points Port (place) of shipment – to which the buyer takes over the risks Port (place) of destination – to which the seller is bound to arrange and bear the costs of a contract of carriageNote: Exception of container transport: the container ship has no rail, delivery is fulfilled when the goods are handed over to the container carrier.

CFR Cost and Freight (… named port of destination) Shares every feature with FOB except for ocean freight charge Freight at seller’s cost Seller pay the normal transport cost for the carriage of the vessel by a usual route and in a customary manner to the agreed place Buyer take the risk of loss or damage to the goods and additional costs resulting from events occurring after the delivery of the goods

Obligation: seller’s responsibility for booking shipping space and getter goods ready for shipment in due time to notify to buyer about the delivery of goods (Shipping advice) so as to facilitate buyer to fulfill insurance procedures Note: notification is more important under CFR than under FOB and CIF

CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight (… named port of destination) One step forward from CFR Insurance born by seller Insurance for the buyer The seller pays for the insurance, but he does not take the risk of the cargo.

Seller responsible for ―min. coverage‖ If required by buyer and at buyer’s expense, additional coverage such as war, strike can be added

Seller has no responsibility to guarantee the arrival of the goods at the destination.

CPT is similar to CFR Differences:

CPT Carriage Paid to (… na

med place of destination) Mode of transport CPT – any mode CFR – Sea or Inland Waterway

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