胡壮麟《语言学教程》分章试题(2)

answer contains relevant information, A can work out that “an accident further up the road” conventionally involves “traffic jam,” and “traffic jam” preludes “bus coming.” Thus, B’s answer is not simply a statement of “when the bus comes”; it contains an implicature concerning “when the

bus comes.”

37. It occurs before and / or after a word, a phrase or even a longer utterance or a text. The context often helps in understanding the particular meaning of the word, phrase, etc. The context may

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also be the broader social situation in which a linguistic item is used.

(1) a. A mild criticism of someone who should have cleaned the room.

b. In a language class where a student made a mistake, for he intended to say “tidy.”

c. The room was wanted for a meeting.

(2) a. A mild way to express disagreement with someone who has complimented on a lady’s appearance. b. A regret that the customer had not taken the dress. c. That she wore a red shirt

was not in agreement with the custom on the occasion.

Chapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1. The person who is often described as “father of modern linguistics” is __B________..

A. Firth B. Saussure C. Halliday D. Chomsky

2. The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of ___A_______.

A. function B. meaning C. signs D. system

3. The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is _______C__.

A. Boas B. Sapir C. Bloomfield D. Harris

4. Generally speaking, the _____A_____ specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin in the structure.

A. Slot B. Class C. Role D. Cohesion

5. _____A_____ Grammar is the most widespread and the best understood method of discussing Indo-European languages.

A. Traditional B. Structural C. Functional D. Generative

6. ____A______ Grammar started from the American linguist Sydney M. Lamb in the late 1950s and the early 1960s.

A. Stratificational B. Case C. Relational D. Montague

7. In Halliday’s view, the _____B_____ function is the function that the child uses to know about his surroundings.

A. personal B. heuristic C. imaginative D. informative

8. The rheme in the sentence “On it stood Jane” is _____D_____.

A. On it B. stood C. On it stood D. Jane

9. Chomsky follows _____C_____ in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.

A. empiricism B. behaviorism C. relationalism D. mentalism

10. TG grammar has seen _____C_____ stages of development.

A. three B. four C. five D. six

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

11. F Following Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole, Trubetzkoy argued that phonetics belonged to langue whereas phonology belonged to parole.

12. F The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and rheme contrast.

13. T London School is also known as systemic linguistics and functional linguistics.

14.T According to Firth, a system is a set of mutually exclusive options that come into play at some point in a linguistic structure.

15.F American Structuralism is a branch of diachronic linguistics that emerged independently in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.

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16.F The Standard Theory focuses discussion on language universals and universal grammar.

17.T American descriptive linguistics is empiricist and focuses on diversities of languages.

18.T Chomsky’s concept of linguistic performance is similar to Saussure’s concept of parole, while his use of linguistic competence is somewhat different from Saussure’s langue.

19.T Glossematics emphasizes the nature and status of linguistic theory and its relation to description.

20. F If two sentences have exactly the same ideational and interpersonal functions, they would be the same in terms of textual coherence.

III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)

21. The Prague School practiced a special style of ___synchronic _______ Linguistics.

22. The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between __phonetics________ and phonology.

23. The man who turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academic subject in Britain was _____Mathesius__﹙×﹚_J.R Firth_.

24. Halliday’s Systemic Grammar contains a functional component, and the theory behind his Functional Grammar is ______systemic ___.

25. Systemic-Functional Grammar is a(n) ___socially_sociogically______ oriented functional linguistic approach.

26. Structuralism is based on the assumption that grammatical categories should be defined not in terms of meaning but in terms of ___stucture___ distribution ____.

27. In the history of American linguistics, the period between 1933 and 1950 is also known as __Bloomfieldian________ Age.

28. Descriptivism__________ in language theories is characteristic of America.

29. The starting point of Chomsky’s TG grammar is his ____innateness______ hypothesis.

30. Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of three elements, that is a __hypothesis maker________, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure.

IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. FSP

32. Cohesion

33. LAD

34. Case Grammar

V. Answer the following questions. (20%)