胡壮麟《语言学教程》分章试题

语言学

Chapter 8 Language in Use

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning ___D______ is considered.

A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context

2. A sentence is a ______B___ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.

A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual

3. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) ___C______.

A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive

4. Which of the following is true?

√ A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.

B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences.

C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.

√ D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.

5. Speech act theory did not come into being until ____A______.

A. in the late 50’s of the 20the century B. in the early 1950’s

C. in the late 1960’s D. in the early 21st century

6. ___C_______ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.

A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act

C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act

7. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is ___B___.

A. to get the hearer to do something

B. to commit the speaker to something’s being the case

C. to commit the speaker to some future course of action

D. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs

8. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ ___A__C_____.

A. in their illocutionary acts B. in their intentions expressed

C. in their strength or force D. in their effect brought about

9. _____A_____ is advanced by Paul Grice

A. Cooperative Principle B. Politeness Principle

C. The General Principle of Universal Grammar D. Adjacency Principle

10. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, __D_____ might arise.

A. impoliteness B. contradictions

C. mutual understanding D. conversational implicatures

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

11. F Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.

12.T It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language

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use was left unconsidered.

13.T What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.

14. F The major difference between a sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is.

15.F The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent.

16.F The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.

17T. F Utterances always take the form of complete sentences

18. F Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.

19.T Speech act theory started in the late 50’s of the 20th century.

20.T Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.

III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)

21. The notion of ___context_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

22. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an ___utterance_______.

23. The meaning of a sentence is __abstract________, and decontexualized.

24. _Constative_________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.

25. __Performative_______ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.

26. A(n) __locuionary________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

27. A(n) ___illocutionary_______ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.

28. A(n) __commisive_______ is commit the speaker himself to some future course of action.

29. A(n) __expressive______ is to express feelings or attitude towards an existing state.

30. There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of ____quantity______, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.

IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. Conversational implicature

32. Performative

33. Locutionary act

34. Q-principle (Horn)

V. Answer the following questions. (20%)

35. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.

“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?” （东北师范大学，2006）

36. Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. （南开大学，2004）

A: When is the bus coming? B: There has been an accident further up the road. VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)

37. What is the function of context in communication? Try to explain the following utterances

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rather than just state facts.

(1) The room is messy. (2) It would be good if she had a green ski …… 此处隐藏：5347字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……