细胞分化与基因表达调控

细胞分化,细胞生物学

Chapter 12

Cell differentiation and Cancer cells

Cell differentiation

1. About the concept of cell differentiation

The process that a cell changes to carry out a specialized function: Marked by: Morphology / Structure / Function

细胞分化,细胞生物学

The different cell types of a multicellular organism contain the same DNA.

A cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals. Differences in mRNA expression patterns among different cell types. Different cell types synthesize different sets of proteins. Gene expression can be regulated at many of the steps in the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein.

细胞分化,细胞生物学

The four essential processes by which a multicellular organism is made:

Cell proliferation, Cell specialization, Cell interaction, and Cell movement.

细胞分化,细胞生物学

Cell differentiation occurs in multicellular organisms

Human: 1014 cells,

>200 cell types

细胞分化,细胞生物学

2. Why a fertilized egg can develop into different cells: Gene differentiated express

分子杂交技术检测基因及其表达

细胞分化,细胞生物学

3. Combinational control and

Gene differentiated express

pp.416: 12-1: 2n (n=3, A,B,C)

细胞分化,细胞生物学

4. House-keeping genes and luxury genes

House-keeping genes: Expressed in all cell types, essential for all cells Luxury genes: Tissue-specific genes, expressed in special cells Sequential expression of various genes in early Drosophila embryo

细胞分化,细胞生物学

5. Transdifferentiation: From one type of cell into another type

Includes:

Dedifferentiation---Redifferentiation

去分化 再分化

细胞分化,细胞生物学

Cell totipotency (细胞全能性)

The ability of a cell develops into a complete organism

1. Plant cells

植物细胞具有全能性， 在适宜条件下可培育成 完整植株，已广泛应用

细胞分化,细胞生物学

2. Animal cloning—

A new organism created by the process of nuclear transplantation

Transplantation of frog red cell nucleus indicated the nucleus of animal is totipotency(全能性)

细胞分化,细胞生物学

Dolly: A lamb with no father

The sheep star: Dolly

c

细胞分化,细胞生物学

克隆能给人类带来什么？

克隆动物是未来的制药厂

克隆的爱因斯坦会懂“相对论” 吗

细胞分化,细胞生物学

Stem cell and its differentiation potential

1. What is a stem cell ?

Has two abilities:

(1)Self-renewing (2)Differentiating

细胞分化,细胞生物学

2. Where to get the stem cells?

(1) Embryonic stem cells

细胞分化,细胞生物学

(2) Adult stem cells

细胞分化,细胞生物学

(3) Umbilical cord blood stem cells

(4) Fetal stem cells

细胞分化,细胞生物学

3. Types of stem cells: differentiation potential

(1) Monopotential stem cell

细胞分化,细胞生物学

(2) Pluripotent stem cells

细胞分化,细胞生物学