学术英语课后答案 unit2(2)

to tell two facts:

The sales of vitamin E have doubled in the past five years. The increase in sales has been helped

by the statements from health food enthusiasts and doctors.

1 Combined into a single one, sentence 1 is impartial in tone because it doesn’t reveal your

attitude. Impartial and toneless sentences are what you want to write if you either have no

opinion or want to seem factual and objective, rather than personal and subjective.

2 Strong in tone and clear in attitude: sentence 2 reflects your belief that vitamin E sales have

surged because of a deceptive and misleading advertisement campaign. If you feel the sentence

is too strong, too opinionated, perhaps even biased, you may suggest your feelings instead of

stating them directly.

3 By using the words—freaks and quack, this version can make your reader sense not only your

reservation about the worth of the vitamin but also your contempt of those who promote it. But

the tone is so strong that your reader may consider it exaggerated and may even question its

truth.

4 This version is more suggestive and less explicit, though your attitude is still negative because

“faddists” (unlike enthusiasts) are a word with unfavorable associations and because claims

“(unlike statements)” encourage the reader to doubt their truth.

5 By inserting the detail that only a few doctors make claims for vitamin, the version seems biased as the tone is stronger.

6 The phrase “some doctors” implies that there is another group of doctors who have made no

claims for the vitamin and who may perhaps reject such claims.

7 The word “even” suggests your surprise that doctors, who should know better, have made such

foolish claims, thus further weakens the support of the doctors without making your statement

seem exaggerated or biased.

8, 9 Tone not only can be controlled by the choice of words and details but also by the choice of

structures. Sentence 8 and 9 make the implied criticism more forceful as the negative words or

phrases have been moved to their beginning or end position, the position which is more

emphatic for one’s opinion.

10, 11, 12 The three sentences are not critical but favorable in tone toward the increased sales of

vitamin E, because “experts” seem more trustworthy than “enthusiasts” and both “reports” and

“testimony” carry more weight than mere “statements”.

13, 14 The two sentences have a positive tone because the phrase “a number of doctors” sounds

more impressive than “a few” or “some doctors”. And “a number of leading doctors” are

supposed to be more reliable, though not as reliable as “leading medical authorities”.

15, 16, 17 The three sentences are less formal and more personal than the previous sentences as

the first-person view “I” is adopted to personalize their tone.

18, 19 The two sentences are more informal as the closer relationship between yourself and the

reader is established by asking questions.

20, 21 By addressing the reader as “you”, the sentences are more informal and personal.

22 The informality of your writing will be increased by contractions, slang, and short, simple

words instead of longer, more complex ones.

Task 2

1 Text 9 addresses readers with some knowledge of global warming, because the author argues

with strong evidence and reasons, quoting experts more frequently and trying to be impartial

and impersonal by choosing more exact wording. On the contrary Text 10 talks to general

readers, evidenced by using more definitions and easier language such as figurative speech. It is

an essay charged with strong emotion.

2 Text 10.

3 No. Text 9 illustrates the effects of global warming with strong evidence and reasons, showing

that the author tries to be objective and impersonal.

4 No. These words lack preciseness. Text 9 tries to be more objective, quoting experts more

frequently and avoiding showing strong personal emotion.

5 Text 9 quotes Roger Revelle, an oceanographer, Jacques Chirac, French president, Al Gore, Vice president of USA, Ross Gelbspan, an author of a book about Earth’s climate change from global

warming, Schneider, from the National Center of Atmospheric Research, and Elmer Robinson,

the director of Mauna Loa Observatory. The quotation of those experts and authorities make the

arguments more convincing.

6 The criticism of Text 9 avoids being subjective and personal and resorts to more authorities and cold reasoning, hence it is more objective.

7 Text 9. The use of the first-person view and figurative speech is often considered informal and

less serious.

8 Text 9, because the author uses more quotations from experts and authorities and less emotional words than Text 10.

7 Taking notes

Task

Title: Global Warming and Its Effects

Author(s): Nicolas Dalleva

Source:

Main ideas: The essay mainly talks about the effects and causes of global warming.

Main findings or ideas: Global warming have negative effects on climate changes, survival of

animals, development of plants, people’s health and global economy. There are two major

causes for global warming: burning of fossil fuels and greenhouse gases.

8 Writing a summary

Task 1

The source material uses a story of identical twins to illustrate the idea that apart from the important role the genes play in the development of an individual, their environmental experience also affects their traits greatly. The summary grasps the idea without details of the story.

Task 2

2 History has demonstrated that technology affects education profoundly. Considering the definiti …… 此处隐藏：5926字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……