Lean - 基本的分析工具简介(2)

Why Sort and relate the factors affecting a process while little quantifiable data is available. Discussion guide to assist in determining root causes. To determine the real cause to the problem versus a symptom. To identify a team's level of understanding.

投票表决法问题 A 问题 B 问题 C 问题 D为什么要用投票表决法

IIII III IIII II

什么是投票表决法 一种用于筛选或限定一组被选择项的方法. 可以用来 作列表排序.怎样作投票表决法 列出并清点所有被选择项 (例如, 对被选择项编号). 发给每个成员3个投票权 (或任何相对被选择项数量 合理的数量). 按照以下规则每个成员进行投票: 每个成员可以对任何选择项投全部的, 或部分的 选票甚至不投票. 当所有的票投完, 该成员就算完成. 按照得票数的顺序排列选择项的顺序. 重复上述过程知道达到期望的结果.

发挥团队的作用或者通过不受其他人影响 的投票让每个成员自由表达对问题轻重程 度的看法. 减少列表中的被选择项 (to得出最重要的 一到两项).

MultivotingISSUE A ISSUE B ISSUE C ISSUE D IIII III IIII IIWhat A method for selecting or narrowing a set of alternatives. Can be used to prioritize a list.How List all alternatives and count them (i.e., N# of alternatives). Give each member N/3 votes (or whatever # seems reasonable given the number of alternatives). Have each member cast his / her votes given these guidelines: The member can cast all, some, or none of his votes for any alternative. When all votes (the sum) are cast, the member is done. Rank order the alternatives based on the number of votes received. Repeat the process until desired result is accomplished.

Why Improve the teams' ability or allow

each member to express strength of opinion through voting without risking judgment by group. To narrow down a list of alternatives (to the one or two most important).

查检表Problem A B C Total 1 II II IIII 8 2 II I II 5 Month 3 I II IIII 7 Total 5 5 10 20什么是查检表 一种简单的容易说明结果的记录表. 不仅能记录数据 而且能同时分析数据的趋势. 怎样作查检表 对项目所需相关的特殊信息提出质询. 运用适当的数据分析工具 (例如, 柏拉图, 柱状图). 确定包含数据的收集点. 了解数据的收集者和他们的所处的环境. 设计数据收集的表格 (尽量简化). 培训数据收集者 – 包括研究的目的 审查数据收集的过程.

为什么要用查检表 通过数据呈现使答案更加明显. 帮助分析数据以确定问题的真正答案. 从数据中获得信息. 收集与问题相关的数据和事实.

ChecksheetProblem A B C Total 1 II II IIII 8 2 II I II 5 Month 3 I II IIII 7 Total 5 5 10 20What A simple recording form that has been designed to readily interpret results from the form itself. A well-designed form does more than simply provide a record of the data – it allows simultaneous analysis trends in the data. How Formulate good questions that relate to specific information needs of the project. Use appropriate data analysis tools (e.g., Pareto, histogram). Define comprehensive data collection points. Understand data collectors and their environment. Design data collection form (keep it simple). Train data collectors – including purpose of study Audit the collection process.

Why To present data in a way that clearly communicates the answer. To help analyze the data to determine the factual answers to the question. To generate information from data. To collect the data and facts relating to the question.

推移图Measure什么是推移图 在特定的一段时间内根据观察点的变化简单地显示 其可能的趋势.怎样作推移图 确定被量测的特性值. 确定被测量值的时间间隔. 选择所用的度量单位. 按照发生的顺序在图中排列标示点并用一段一段的 直线将其连接起来. 分析数据查找不符随机性的异常事件. 一般来说分布 在平均值线的上下两端的点数理应大致相等.

Time为什么要用推移图 数据可视化.

监控一个过程看是否长期的平均值正在有 所变化. 关注过程中的重要的真实的变化. 识别平均值中有代表意义的趋势或变动.

Run ChartMeasureWhat The simplest possible display of trends within written observation points over a specified periods of time.How Identify the measurement to be made. Decide on the time interval of the measurements. Select the scale to be used. Plot points on the order in which they occur and connect with straigh

t lines. Analyze the data looking for non random events. It is expected that we should find an equal number of points falling above and below the average.

TimeWhy To visually represent data. To monitor a process to see whether the long range average is changing. To focus attention on truly vital changes in the process. To identify meaningful trends or shifts in the average.

散布图Variable 2什么是散布图 一种通过测绘两种参数以确定是否其中有所关联的 方法. 这种工具有时也被称为交叉图或散点图.怎样作散布图 收集可能会有关联的数据对. 这对数据在散布图中用X-Y坐标系标示. 每一个轴分别用作两种进行比较的数据系列中的一 种. Y 轴通常留作表示我们想要预知的特性值, 例如, 失 误率. X 轴用于表示影响特性值变化的自变量, 例如., 工作 积压量.

Variable 1为什么要作散布图 确定两个数据系列之间的关系. 例如, 是 否积压的工作量会对计算机数据输入的失 误率有所影响.

数据间的关系可以通过一个散布图进行非 数学性质的评估.