Lean - 基本的分析工具简介

基本的分析工具简介By Turing Xu

说明- 本课程是Lean Production的课件之一 - 系统介绍了在实际工作中经常用到的分析工具和方法

适应对象和范围- 所有工程师, 生产人员, QC人员, 销售人员, 工程人员 - 生产线班组长

课时- 30分钟

要求- 能基本熟练应用这些工具来做课余作业题

Process Map(流程分析)流程分析是什么 流程分析是一个适合于描述一个过程的作业步骤或活 动的图形化工具. 它是鉴别顾客的的一个基本计划性 工具.流程分析也称为流程图.如何作出流程分析 利用正确的人员. 包括在流程中工作的人员, 顾客和 供应商. 和选择一个中立的协助者来保持分析的中肯. 所有的团队成员都必须参与. 数据始终必须让每个人都能看到. 为什么要作流程分析 利用大字报书写; 在会议中应不断地修正图纸. 尽量不 对所要完成的事项提出清晰的理解 (改善前水 要用投影片; 一次只允许展示流程图的一个部分. 准) 分配足够的时间. 流程图应比预计的要长. 阐明正在发生的和将要发生的 使用通用的流程图符号. 获取关键的结构上的认知 促进对问题所在区域的识别 激励对业务流程再设计BPR的思考 促进识别需收集数据的位置 (过程量测)

Process MapWhat A process map is a graphical means of depicting the steps or activities which constitute a process. It is a fundamental planning tool for identifying customers. Process Maps are also called flow charts.How Use the right people. Include people who work in the process, customers and suppliers. An independent facilitator to keep independence. All members must participate. Data must be visible to all personnel all the time. Start with Post-It notes; rarely is a session completed without reworking the map. Avoid transparencies; this only allows 1 segment of the chart to be displayed at a time. Enough time needs to be allotted. Process Maps take longer than is expected. Use the common charting symbols.

Why Provides clear understanding of the execution (baseline) Illustrates what is happening versus what should be happening Captures critical organizational knowledge Facilitates identification of problem areas Stimulates ideas for business process reengineering Facilitates identifying locations for data gathering (process measurement)

脑力风暴法脑力风暴法是什么 一种在分析过程中能相互激发的产生自由的想法/对 策的工具如何进行脑力风暴法 回顾主题 – “为什么, 怎样作, 或是什么”的问题. 给每人一到两分钟的思考时间 要求每个人大声说出他们的的想法 (重要的是: 在这 个过程中不对想法作任何讨论). 记下每一个想法. 合并相似的想法并且对完成

的列表进行讨论. 利用一定的方法综合多数意见来进行排序筛选.

为什么要用脑力风暴法

脑力风暴法可以在短时间内产生许多的 想法/对策. 促进创造性思维的过程. 提出想法而不是对想法评价.

BrainstormingWhat A freeform method of generating unconstrained ideas/solutions and equalizing involvement in the analysis processHow Review the topic – "why, how, or what" questions. Give everyone a minute or two of silence to think about the question. Invite everyone to call out their ideas (important: no discussion of ideas until session is complete). Write down every idea. Consolidate like ideas and discuss complete list. Use consensus building tools to assist in prioritization.

Why Brainstorming produces many ideas/ solutions in a short time. Facilitates the creative thinking process. Separates idea generation from the judging of the ideas.

名称归类法编号1的卡片等级为6

名称归类法 一个类同于脑力风暴的方法.一种组织收集想法的办法, 调查一 个较小的团队的观点, 及对这些想法进行筛选排序.怎样进行名称归类法 介绍现有问题. 产生想法, 安静地思考5 到 10 分钟, 不要讨论. 汇集想法, 轮流地, 每次一个想法, 写在贴纸上并张贴. 处理/层别这些想法 – 消除重复的观点, 合并相近的观点. 不要 过多的为观点的解释和协商进行讨论. 专注于对意见的分类, 不 要争执. 5个5个地清点意见数量. 准备相应数量 X 个卡片其中 X =上一步识别出来的意见数量. 在 卡片的右下角按照由高到低的优先顺序写上从1到 X的编号. 按 照卡片上的编号填上选出第一优先的项目编号.再选出第二优先 的项目, 依次类推. 直到所有的卡片填满. 列出分数表并用一张柏拉图表示

分数表 意见 18,8,6,7,8,2

总数6/39 5/25 4/8

意见 26,5,4,7,3

意见 N3,2,2,1

为何要进行名称归类法 NGT(名称归类法)可以在短时间 内产生许多的想法/对策 组织对问题的思考, 而不是人; 开 通多方的沟通渠道; 允许不同意见 能够达成一致多数同意的最终结论. 特别是有重大争议的问题

Nominal Group Technique1 Item Number Card Rating Value 6 Idea Scores Idea 18,8,6,7,8,2

What A technique similar to brainstorming. A structured approach to generate ideas, survey the opinions of a small group, and prioritize those ideas.How Present issue, instructions. Generate ideas, 5 to 10 minutes of quiet time, no discussion. Gather ideas, round-robin, one idea at a time, written on flipchart and posted. Process/clarify ideas – duplicates are eliminated, like ideas are combined. Limit discussion to brief explanations and brief agreement statements. Focus on clarification of meaning, not arguing points. Count each idea and divide by

5. Prepare X number of cards where X = the number identified above. Write a number from 1 to X on the bottom right corner of each card with the highest number being the highest priority. Choose the first priority and put the item number on the paper with the highest card number. Pick the second priority, etc. until all cards are filled out. Tabulate scores and present on a Pareto chart

Totals6/ 39 5/ 25 4/ 8

Idea 26,5,4,7,3

Idea N3,2,2,1

Why NGT produces many ideas/solutions in a short time Structured to focus on problems, not people; to open lines of communication; tolerate conflicting ideas Builds consensus and commitment to the final result. Especially good for highly controversial issues

柏拉图100% 80%

Costs

600%40% 20% 0%

什么是柏拉图 一种逐项递减的柱形图, 最大的一项放在最左边. 每个 柱子代表一种问题(或原因). 显示了每种原因对整 个问题的影响程度.怎样做柏拉图 列出所有的相关因素. 用同样的测量单位对这些因素进行量测. 按照这些因素的量测值排序, 而不是它们的等级. 计 …… 此处隐藏：5028字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……