英语词汇学课后答案张维友编(2)

c. To a student of nuclear physics, “atomic” might be associated with “mystery, science, knowledge”, etc.

10. talkative: implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length (neutral) articulate: expressing oneself easily and clearly (positive) gossip: indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative) rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ideas (negative) fluent: speaking easily, smoothly, and expressively (positive) mouthy: overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (nagative)

14. bull [-HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +BOVINE] cow [-HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +BOVINE] calf [-HUMAN -ADULT +BOVINE] rooster [-HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +GALLINE] hen [-HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +GALLINE] chicken [-HUMAN +GALLINE]

英语词汇学

【Chapter 6】

Polysemy 4.

Homonymy

4. 1) Make both ends meat is a parody of make both ends meet which means “have enough money for one’s needs”. Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonyms meat and meet to make a pun. It makes a proper answer to the lady’s question. (1) Butchers cannot make both ends meat (make whole sausages with all meat) because they cannot make both ends meet (If they made sausages with all meat, which is more costly, they would not earn enough money to survive.)( 2) Don’t complain. All the butchers do the same. I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread.

2) Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer. But by one swallow we see, we cannot deduce that it is already summer time. Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. On a cold winter day, if one has a swallow of wine, one may feel warm.

3) arms has two meanings: weapons; the human upper limbs. Since “a cannon ball took off his legs”, the soldier was not able to fight on, so he “laid

英语词汇学

down his arms”, which means “surrender”. It can also mean he laid down his upper limbs.

Synonymy

3. avaricious: greedy courteously: politely emancipate: set free customary: usual width: breadth adversary: opponent gullible: deceived remainder: residue innocent: sinless obstacle: obstruction vexation: annoyance

5. a. identifiable b. safety c. motivates d. delicate e. surroundings f. artificial g. prestige h. perspire i. accomplishment j. silent k. impressive l. evaporate

6. run move spin turn whirl roll

7. a. stead b. gee-gee c. ripe d. mature e. effective f. efficient g. fatigued, children h. tired, kids i. declined j. refused k. rancid l. addled m. Penalties n. fines o. rebuked p. accused

Antonymy

5. a. similar/same b. safe c. sharp/ smart d. send e. stingy/ selfish h. simple f. significant/sensible i. sure g. skeptical/ suspicious l. smooth j. slipshod/ slovenly/ sloppy k. sleepiness/ sleep / slumber m. subjective n. sob/ scowl 6. a. old-fashioned b. completely

英语词汇学

c. moisture e. essential g. innocent i. loosen k. deserted m. peremptory o. indifferent

d. special f. similarity h. rigid j. clarity l. fruitful n. depressed

7. a. feed—starve, cold-fever b. wisdom—follies c. haste—leisure d. penny—pound, wise—foolish e. speech—silence f. absence—presence g. admonish—praise i. wise men—fools h. young—old private—public saint—devil j. mind—body k. foul—fair l. danger—security m. deliberate--prompt n. children—parents o. bully—coward p. head—tail

8.right—wrong single—return dry—sweet hard—easy strong—faint rough—calm light—dark cold—warm high—low/deep

Hyponymy

3. furniture: desk, chair, table, bed matter: liquid, gas, solid meat: pork, beef, mutton go: run, fly, walk 4. profession workplace surgeon: clinic, hospital plumber: house, building lawyer: office, law courts mechanic: garage photographer: studio foreman: worksite, factory

5.

英语词汇学

6. In Sentence 1, got, furniture, recently are superordinates because they are general and convey a very vague idea whereas in Sentence 2, the three words are replaced respectively by bought, cupboard, three days ago, which are subordinates, conveying a definite and clear idea. So Sentence 2 is better than Sentence 1.

In 3, it is said, magnificent building, destroyed, yesterday are superordinate terms, which are comparatively much more general than the news says, Royal Hotel, burnt down, last night respectively in 4, which can be described as subordinates. Since 4 is clearer than 3 in meaning, it is better.

Semantic field

3. Group 1 is synonymously semantic field and Group 2 is semantic filed. The difference lies: In 1 the words are synonyms, none of them covers the meaning of another, and they differ only in style and emotive values. In 2 the words are not synonyms, but each refers to a specific type of horse. Horse is a cover term or superordinate, and others are subordinates. These terms have no difference in style or affective meaning.

【Chapter 7】

4. 1) extension 2) extension 3) narrowing 4) degradation 5) elevation 6) narrowing 7) extension 8) extension 9) narrowing 10) elevation 11) narrowing 12) degradation 13) degradation 14) degradation

5. a. associated transfer b. abstract to concrete c. abstract to concrete d. abstract to concrete e. abstract to concrete f. abstract of concrete

英语词汇学

g. associated transfer h. associated transfer i. synesthesia j. synesthesia

6. a. objective b. subjective, objective c. objective d. subjective e. subjective f. subjective g. subjective h. subjective, objective

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