英语词汇学课后答案张维友编

英语词汇学

《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案

【Chapter 1】

7． tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid

【Chapter 2】 Ex.1

The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.

2.

Celtic Italian Hellenic

Germanic

Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian

英语词汇学

Roumanian Hindi Lithuanian Persian Prussian Polish Russian

Breton Spanish Scottish Irish

French Italian

Greek

English Swedish German Norweigian Icelandic Danish Dutch

Portuguese

Slavenian Bulgarian

6.

When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.

8. eventful [Latin + English]

hydroplane [Greek + Latin] pacifist [Latin + Greek]

falsehood [ Latin + English] saxophone [German + Greek] heirloom [ French + English]

joss house [ Portuguese + English] television [Greek + Latin]

9.

amateur (late) peace (E)

finacé (late)

empire (early)

courage (E)

chair (E)

garage (L) chaise (L) routine (L)

genre (L)

judgement (E) grace (E)

servant (E)

jealous (E) gender (E)

savaté (L) début (L)

morale (L)

英语词汇学

state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)

11. allegro, f

轻快 行板

andante, j

diminuendo, g 渐弱 largo, d

缓慢

pianoforte, a 轻转慢 alto, i

女低音

crescendo, b 渐强 forte, e

轻 女高音 强

piano, h

12.

soprano, c

cherub (Hebrew) coolie (Hindi) lasso (Sp)

snorkel (G) tulip (Turk)

wok (Ch)

chocolate (Mex)

shampoo (Indian) tepee (Am Ind) kibitz (G)

jubilee (Gr)

Sabbath (Heb)

chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex) cotton (Arab)

voodoo (Afr)

英语词汇学

loot (Hindi)

sauerbraten (G)

13.

a. alligator c. rodeo e. igloo

b. loco d. bonanza f. blitzkrieg h. canoe j. boomerang

g. wigwam i. hurricane k. panchos

【Chapter 3】

1. a. morpheme b. allomorph c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme e. affix f. informational affix g. derivational affix h. root i. stem j. base

3. individualistic

individualist + ic [stem, base] individual + ist [stem, base] individu + al [stem, base] in + dividu [root, stem, base]

undesirables

un + desirable [stem, base] desir + able [root, stem, base] free morpheme = free root bound root inflectional affix prefix suffix

英语词汇学

【Chapter 4】

Affixation

5. non-smoker incapable impractical disobey insecurity irrelevant immature inability/disability unofficially unwillingness illegal disagreement illogical disloyal inconvenient non-athletic

6. harden horrify modernize memorize falsify apologize deepen glorify sterilize lengthen intensify beautify fatten sympathize

a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sympathized e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. Sterilize

7. a. employee b. politician c. participant d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher g. pianist h. examinee/examiner 8.

trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world mono- = one: monorail, monoculture

super- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural auto- = self: autobiography, automobile sub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer Compounding

heartbeat [S + V] brainwashing [V + O] movie-goer [place + V] baking powder [ V +adv] far- reaching [V + Adv] dog-tired [adv + a] lion-hearted [adv + a] love-sick [adv + a] boyfriend [S + complement] peace-loving [V +O] snap decision [V + O] easy chair [ a + n] on-coming [V +adv] tax-free [adv +a] light-blue [a + a] goings-on [V +adv]

4. well-bred/well-behaved culture-bound/homebound

英语词汇学

needle work/homework praiseworthy/respectworthy bar-woman/sportswoman nation-wide/college-wide clear-minded/strong-minded military-style/newstyle self-control/self-respect budget-related/politics-related water-proof/fire-proof once-fashionable/once-powerful news-film/news-letter mock-attack/mock-sadness sister-in-law/father-in-law home-baked/home-produced half-way/half-done ever-lasting/ever-green