2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强

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2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（一） (2)

2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（二） ... 8 2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（三） . 13 2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（四） . 17 2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（五） . 22

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第 2 页，共 25 页 2019年哈尔滨工业大学外国语学院868专业综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题

（一）

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一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms

1． Metonymy

【答案】 Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name , but by 也e name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. For instance , “Washington ”，as the capital of the United States , can be used as a metonym （an instance of metonymy ） for the United States government.

2． Language acquisition

【答案】 It refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situations.

3． CALL

【答案】 It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning , which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs , the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step , asking question to check comprehension. Depending on the student^ response , the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.

4． computational linguistics

【答案】 Computational linguistics is a branch of applied linguistics , dealing with computer processing of human language , h includes programmed instruction , speech synthesis and recognition , automatic translation , and computer mediated communication.

5． Foregrounding

【答案】 This term is meant for what is unusual , attractive , unconventional , salient. In literature , foregrounding is often achieved through unconventional expressions which attract the readers9 attention. The main manifestations of foregrounding are deviation and parallelism.

二、Fill-in-the-blanks

6． The term _____ originates from Malinowski ’s study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders. It refers to the social interaction of language.

【答案】phatic communion

【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski 提出。

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第 3 页，共 25 页 7． ______，bom in 1928, is all American linguist, educator, and political activist. He is the founder of transformational-generative grammar, a system that revolutionized modem linguistics.

【答案】Norman Chomsky

【解析】乔姆斯基，生于1928年，是美国著名的语言学家，教育家。他是转换生成语法的创始人。

8． Linguistics is usually defined as the_____ study of language.

【答案】scientific

【解析】语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言，或对语言的科学研究.。

9． _____ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

【答案】Sense

【解析】涵义是指语言形式的内在意义。

10．Semantics and_____ investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning.

【答案】pragmatics

【解析】语义学研究词作为词的意义，语用学是在语境中研究意义。

11．According to G Leech,_____ meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to,over and above its purely conceptual content.

【答案】Connotative

【解析】利奇认为内涵意义是指通过语言所指传达的意义，是位于纯粹的概念意义之上的。

三、Short-answer-questions

12．What are the criteria used in phonetic description of vowels?

【答案】 As the vowels can not be described in the same way as the consonants , a system of cardinal vowels has been suggested to get out of this problem. The cardinal vowels are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined , fixed and unchanging , intended to provide a frame of reference for the description of the actual vowels of existing languages. The cardinal vowels are abstract concept. The cardinal vowel diagram is a set of hypothetical positions for vowels used as reference points.

The description of English vowels needs to fulfill four basic requirements : （1） the height of tongue raising （high , middle or low ） ;（2） the position of the highest part of the tongue （front , central , back ） ;（3）

the length or tenseness of the vowel （tense vs. lax or long vs. short ） ; （4） lip-rounding （rounded vs. unrounded ） . For example , [i :]: high , front , tense , unrounded vowel.

[u]: high , back , lax , rounded vowel.

13．How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?

Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system.

Mechanic: Fll be busy with this other car all day.

【答案】 In the motorist?s utterance ，there are two types of speech acts performed , namely representative and directive ，and as to the latter one , it is recognized as an indirect speech act , which is

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第 4 页，共 25 页 performed through the performance of the former one. Thus , by stating that his car needs new exhaust system , the motorist has in fact asked the mechanic to equip a new exhaust system for him.

Similarly ，in the mechanic?s utterance , there are two types of speech acts performed ; one is representative , the other commissive. The commissive speech act in fact is an indir …… 此处隐藏：5173字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……