中小学英语语法辅导大全(5)

状语从句专项语法讲义

用作状语的句子就叫做状语从句（adverbial clause）。 状语从句通常由一个连词或起着连词作用的词组引导， 这些词或词组被称作为关联词或引导词。 状语从句同状语一样，在句中的位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中。 例如：

Do it as you were told! （引导词是as，从句置于句末）

Whatever he says, just don‘t believe him. （引导词是whatever，从句置于句首）

Put in articles where they are necessary in the following passage. （引导词是where, 从句置于句中）

状语从句根据其表达的意思和用途不同，可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等类别。 例如：

Once you‘ve finished, go to bed. （时间）

You can borrow it as long as you‘re not careless with it. （让步） Don‘t move! Stay where you are! （地点）

They set out early so that they might arrive at the airport in time. （目的） It is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out. （结果） He opened his lips as if he were going to say something. （方式） In case it rains, do not expect me. （条件）

The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get. （比较）

时间状语从句拓宽知识 时间状语从句表时间，其关联词主要有： when, while, as, before, after, since, (not) until, as soon as, hardly/scarcely/barely…when, no sooner… than, the minute/moment/second…, directly/immediately, each (every, next, the first…) time 例如：

Soon after her mother returned, the girl went to sleep. I have lived in Shanghai since I was a child. when, while和as在引导时间状语从句时都可表示―当……时候‖，但互相间有区别。 时态来表示；when 引导的时间状语可以表示一段时间内发生的动作，也可以表示某一时间点所发生的动作。 when：主句和从句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以是先后发生，动词如果是指可以持续发生的动作的话，通常用进行

while：主句和从句的动作基本上是同时发生的，动词如果是指可以持续发生的动作的话，通常用进行时态来表示；while 引导的时间状语只表示一段时间内发生的动作；while 也可以指两个动词间的对比，表示反差相当于but。 一边、正当……‖。 例如：

While I was having dinner, he was reading a very interesting story. （主、从句的动作持续在一段时间内同时发生）

I will go on a trip to Canada when I have enough money.（主、从句的动作先后发生） As spring comes, everything comes to life. （表示紧接发生的动作，―随着……‖） 一些表示时间的副词和短语也可以引导时间状语从句。 例如：

Directly the mother was out of sight of her son, she wanted to see him. （directly相当于as soon as） We‘ll leave the minute you‘re ready. （the minute引导从句）

The day he returned home, he found great changes had taken place in his hometown.（the day引导从句）

地点状语从句拓宽知识 地点状语从句表地点，其关联词有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. 地点状语从句中有些部分经常可以省略。 地点状语从句经常容易和定语从句混淆。 例如：

Corn grows best where the ground is rich. You are able to go wherever you like.

Everywhere you go, never forget your motherland. He would live with his grandmother anywhere she lived. 原因状语从句表原因或理由，其关联词有because, as, since, in that, now that, etc. because, as, since 均表示―因为、由于‖的意思。 because 语气最强，用以回答why, 可与强调词only, just以及否定词not连用。 as 和since的语气较弱，所表示的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实，故不需要强调。它们引导的从句多置于句首，且不能用强调词修饰，也不可和否定词not 连用。as 指―由于‖；since 指―既然‖ 例如：

George was worried because he hadn‘t had any letter from Green. 乔治很着急，因为他一直未收到格林的信。 You shouldn‘t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就发怒。

The man bought the expensive house easily only because his parents had given him a large sum of money. 就因为这个男的父母给了一大笔钱，所以他能轻松买下这么贵的房子。

It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday.我昨天是由于要去看我的叔叔而进城的。（because 引导的原因状语从句的强调句形式：It is (was) because …. that …, since 与 as 无此形式） As the bell had rung, all the students went to the classroom. 由于上课铃声响了，同学们都进了教室。 Since you‘re going, I will go too. 既然你要去，我也去吧。

as： 主句和从句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以是先后发生，但强调动作是紧接着发生，表示―随着……、一边……

结果状语从句表结果，其关联词有so, so that , so…that, such…that, with the result that, etc. so…that常和形容词或副词连用,若有与有形容词的短语连用，则引起倒装；such…that 常和名次连用。 结果状语从句常置于主句之后。 目的状语从句表目的，其关联词有so that, in order that, lest, etc. 目的状语从句中常常有情态动词may (might), shall (should), will (would), can (could) 来表示目的。 so that 和in order that 所引导的目的状语从句可放于句首。 lest 和in case 引导目的状语从句时表示―以免、以防‖的意思，一般用虚拟语气。 例如：

They had oral practice every morning, so that they made rapid progress in their speaking. He worked so hard that he finished his task in three days.

She is such a demanding girl that it‘s impossible for any other one to please her.

条件状语从句拓宽知识 条件状语从句表条件，其关联词有 if; only if, unless, as/so long as; as/so far as, provided/providing (that), suppose, supposing, assuming, on condition that, once(note: some can + ~ing/~ed): Once begun, … in case 条件状语从句分为真实条件和非真实条件两种。非真实条件状语从句可查看本书―虚拟语气‖内容，本节只讨论真实条件情况。 条件状语从句在句中位置灵活，可置前也可置后；从句动词常用现在时态或过去时态表示。 例如：

If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to attend the pop-song singer‘s concert.

Suppose he didn‘t believe in us, what should we do then?（在此处，suppose 相当于if 的用法。） Supposing Tom can‘t come to repair our TV set, who will do the work?（supposing的用法同上）

Providing (that) there …… 此处隐藏：3403字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……