专业外语分句翻译 土木工程专业英语翻译（武汉理工大学出版社段(6)

这两种方法考虑了结构在材料的线弹性范围内的特性，并被运用于那些超静定结构中。

The essence of the flexibility method is the superposition of displacements which are expressed in terms of the statically determinate force systems． 柔度法的本质是结构按静定力系表达的位移叠加。

The magnitudes of the redundant forces are determined from the known compatible displacement conditions of the structure.

多余的力的大小能从结构已知的一致位移条件确定。

In order to satisfy the compatibility requirements，it is necessary to solve n simultaneous linear equations, where n is the number of redundants in the structural system．

为了满足一致性要求，有必要解n个联立线性方程，其中n是结构系统中多余力的数量。

An equation is written for each known condition of displacement in the loaded structure．

在加载结构中每一个已知的位移条件就可以写一个方程。

Displacements must be calculated for (n+1) loading conditions, one equation for the applied loads and n equations for the effects of each of the redundants of the structure． 必须计算n+1个荷载条件下的位移，一个方程是施加了荷载列出的，n个方程是根据结构每一个多余力的影响列出的。

The stiffness method involves the consideration of linear and angular displacements as the unknown quantities in the analysis；otherwise the method is similar to the flexibility method. 刚度法涉及到在分析中将线位移和角位移考虑成未知量；否则，该方法就和柔度法近似。

Depending upon the number of unknowns，both methods may involve hand calculations for structures with only a few redundants，or for those structures which are more complex a matrix algebra format may be required for the solution．

这两种方法，取决于未知量的个数，都可能涉及到手算只有几个多余量的结构，或者那些在求解时要用到矩阵代数形式的更复杂的结构。

A comparison of the two methods indicates that each includes the inversion of a matrix．

这两种方法的比较表明：每一个都包括矩阵的倒置。

In the flexibility method the matrix is n by n the number of redundants. 在柔度法中，矩阵是n×n个未知量。

This method requires more matrix multiplications than the stiffness method． 这种方法比刚度法要求有更多的矩阵相乘。

In the stiffness method n is the number of possible movements of the joints which include displacements and rotations．

在刚度法中，n是接点处包括位移和转动的可能运动的数量。

The choice of the better method in any application depends upon the size of the matrix to be inverted.

在任何一次运用中选取最好的方法取决于要倒置的矩阵的规模。

Although most structures are analyzed for linear elastic behavior，certain extreme loading conditions，such as earthquake effects，require the analysis to be performed by taking into account the nonlinear mechanical properties of the material and the nonlinear

geometrical changes caused by the varying load on the structure．

虽然大多数结构都是用线弹性特征分析的，但是某些极端的荷载条件，比如地震影响，却要求分析时要考虑材料的非线性力学特征和由结构上变化的荷载导致的非线性几何变化。

This text introduced the laws and methods of structural analysis. The basic principles include the law of equilibrium and the principle of superposition. For statically indeterminate structures, approximate methods are often used.

这篇文章介绍了结构分析的原理和方法。基本原理包括平衡原理和叠加原理。对于超静定结构，通常使用近似方法。