专业外语分句翻译 土木工程专业英语翻译（武汉理工大学出版社段(2)

Until the late 19th century, the exterior walls of a building were used as bearing walls to support the floors.

直到19世纪晚期，建筑物外墙被用作支承楼板的承重墙。

This construction is essentially a post and lintel type, and it is still used in frame construction for houses.

这种建筑本质上就是柱和过梁的组合类型，它仍然被用在房屋的框架结构中。 Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required; for instance, the 16-story Monadnock Building built in the 1880's in Chicago had walls 5 feet (1.5 meters) thick at the lower floors.

承重墙体限制了建筑物的高度，因为墙体的厚度要求很厚；比如，1891年芝加哥建成的16层高的蒙诺那克大楼，其底层的外墙厚度达到1.5m。

In 1883, William Le Baron Jenney (1832-1907) supported floors on cast-iron columns to form a cage-like construction.

在 1883 年，詹尼将楼板设置在铸铁柱上形成一个像笼子一样的建筑物。

Skeleton construction, consisting of steel beams and columns, was first used in 1889.

框架建筑，由钢梁和柱组成，最早运用于1889年。

As a consequence of skeleton construction, the enclosing walls become a \wall\

随着框架建筑的出现，围护墙体成了“幕墙”，不再起承重的功能。

Masonry was the curtain wall material until the 1930's, when light metal and glass curtain walls were used.

二十世纪三十年代以前都是采用砖石作为幕墙材料，此后都是用轻型金属和玻璃作为幕墙材料。

After the introduction of the steel skeleton, the height of buildings continued to increase rapidly.

随着钢结构的引入，建筑物的高度迅速增加。

All tall buildings were built with a skeleton of steel until World War II. 直到二次世界大战，所有的高层建筑都采用钢结构。

After the war, the shortage of steel and the improved quality of concrete led to tall buildings being built of reinforced concrete.

战后，钢材的短缺和混凝土质量的改进，促使高层建筑采用钢筋混凝土。

Marina Towers (1962) in Chicago is the tallest concrete building in the United States；its height—588 feet (179 meters)—is exceeded by the 650-foot (198-meter) Post Office Tower in London and by other towers．

芝加哥的Marina塔是美国最高的混凝土建筑；它的高度（179m）被伦敦的邮政大楼（198m）和其它的塔超过了

A change in attitude about skyscraper construction has brought a return to the use of the bearing wall.

对摩天大楼看法的改变，使得承重墙体又重新获得使用。

In New York City, the Columbia Broadcasting System Building, designed by Eero Saarinen in 1962, has a perimeter wall consisting of 5-foot (1.5-meter) wide concrete columns spaced 10 feet (3 meters) from column center to center.

在纽约市，埃诺沙里宁设计的哥伦比亚广播系统大楼，有一个由5英尺（1.5米）

宽，相邻柱的中心距为10英尺（3米）的混凝土柱组成的围墙。 This perimeter wall, in effect, constitutes a bearing wall. 这片围墙实际上组成了一个承重墙体。

One reason for this trend is that stiffness against the action of wind can be economically obtained by using the walls of the building as a tube; the World Trade Center, buildings are another example of this tube approach.

产生这种趋势的一个理由是，利用建筑物的墙壁作为一个筒体，可以非常经济地获得抵抗风荷载作用的足够刚度；世界贸易大厦是这种筒体方法的另一个例证。

In contrast, rigid frames or vertical trusses are usually provided to give lateral stability.

与之对比，刚性框架或垂直桁架通常提供侧向稳定性。

The skin of a building consists of both transparent elements (windows) and opaque elements (walls).

建筑物的外墙由透明部分（窗户）和不透明部分（实墙）组成。

Windows are traditionally glass, although plastics are being used, especially in schools where breakage creates a maintenance problem.

窗户是传统的玻璃，尽管也采用塑料，特别是在学校，打碎玻璃常引起维修方面的问题。

The wall elements, which are used to cover the structure and are supported by it, are built of a variety of materials: brick, precast concrete, stone, opaque glass, plastics, steel, and aluminum.

实墙用于结构的维护以及承重，可以用各种各样的材料：砖，预制混凝土，石头,不透明物玻璃，塑料，钢和铝。

Wood is used mainly in house construction; it is not generally used for commercial, industrial, or public buildings because of the fire hazard.

木材主要用于住宅类建筑，商业、工业或其它公共建筑，考虑到火灾的危险性不常使用。

The construction of the floors in a building depends on the basic structural frame that is used.

楼板层的施工取决于所采用的基本结构框架。

In steel skeleton construction, floors are either slabs of concrete resting on steel beams or a deck consisting of corrugated steel with a concrete topping.

在钢结构中，楼板层可以是放置在钢梁上的混凝土平板也可以是表面附有混凝土的波纹钢组成的楼板。

In concrete construction, the floors are either slabs of concrete on concrete beams or a series of closely spaced concrete beams (ribs) in two directions topped with a thin concrete slab, giving the appearance of a waffle on its underside.

在混凝土结构中，楼板层可以是放置在混凝土梁上的平板，也可以是井字型肋梁楼盖，下腹看起来就象华夫饼干。

The kind of floor that is used depends on the span between supporting columns or walls and the function of the space.

这种楼板结构形式取决于支撑的柱或墙的跨度以及空间的功能。

In an apartment building, for instance, where walls and columns are spaced at 12 to 18 feet (3.7 to 5.5 meters), the most popular construction is a solid concrete slab with no

beams.

举例来说，在一个公寓建筑物中，墙壁和柱 …… 此处隐藏：9247字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……