民营银行发展外文文献翻译最新译文3800多字

文献出处: Raut D. The study of international comparative on the development of private banks [J]. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 2016, 10(3): 279-293.

原文

The study of international comparative on the development of private banks

Raut D

Abstract

Community Banks is an important part of the banking system. Rural cooperative financial organizations in Japan are very successful. They all serve the economy for the vulnerable groups, their are no scale advantage, but because of its accurate market positioning and comparative advantage into full play, and a series of laws and institutions supporting system support, under the big Banks with highly competitive environment, the accumulation of viability, expanding living space.

Keywords: Private Banks; Community financial; Path dependence

1 operation and characteristics of community Banks in the United States

The United States there are a lot of private financial institutions, including bank per capita for most of the world and the community bank (Community Banks) closely related to the widely distributed. Community Banks generally defined according to the assets, the total assets of less than $1 billion all Banks in the ranks of community Banks. Community Banks more set in rural or semi-rural areas, according to a 2012 independent association (ICBA) community Banks in the United States, to the end of 2012, a total of 8932 community Banks across the United States and 39094 branches, these outlets with 54% distribution in rural areas; 26% distribution in the suburbs of the city; 4% distribution in northwest; Only 17% of distribution in the city. The main service object is the vulnerable groups in market economy, the community households and small businesses. In line with such a management idea, community Banks with big Banks for the high-end customer resources; at the same time, we also want a proportion of funds for community of unemployment of come off sentry duty the funding needs of the crowd. The fed's research suggests that community Banks in the United States some poor community economic development has made important

progress has played a key role.

1.1 economic analyses for community Banks to survive

As a financial intermediary, community Banks to survive the comparative advantage of outstanding reflected in its in relationship lending, and this kind of business is the production of soft information and use of the basic elements. The so-called Soft Information (Soft Information) is difficult to be quantified, the verification and transmit Information. Due to long-term community Banks and enterprises and their owners, suppliers and customers, business communities in various dimensions such as contact, accumulated a lot of information about enterprise. That community Banks based on information superiority in the history of geographical advantages, has more than corporate financial statements and significant value of collateral and credit score, which helps to promote relational loan originators to better solve the problem of the borrower's information opaque (Baas and Shorten, 2015; Berger and Udall, 2010, 2012), the community Banks are able to carry out business activities at a relatively low transaction costs. A lot of empirical research of relationship lending paper drew this conclusion. This advantage first depends on the location of community Banks, community Banks operating capital mainly comes from the community and community for small and medium-sized units, community Banks' shareholders and directors are composed of local residents, and highly centralized equity structure (Brinkley, etc., 2013).The positioning strategy of relying on the community and in the community development, community Banks in the region of the enterprises and residents more familiar, can effectively achieve the community enterprises of all kinds of information, including credit conditions, thus largely solving the problem of information asymmetry between the fact. In general, the position of the big Banks located away from potential relational same borrowers, relationship lending will be along with the information from the (Informational short) increase and decrease; Or is reduced with the rising cost of borrower's specific information (Hausa and Marquez, 2012).

Second, community Banks are larger Banks have an advantage in dealing with a soft, also depends on its decision-making mechanism. Hierarchical structure of

complex big Banks because of the principal-agent chain is long, solve the problem of agency costs will be higher. While small independent community bank because of management level, structure, less intensive, which can reduce agency problems (Berger and Udall and Clapper, 2011; Berger and Udall, 2012).Community Banks credit manager for loan project quality judgment is that the accuracy of it directly receiving, processing all kinds of soft information, the information production and capital allocation type of combination under the premise of the credit manager will get positive incentives; And in large and complex hierarchical structure, the existence of multiple levels of management in the bank, the configuration of the power centralized in the higher level, information separate production and capital, and in view of the small businesses the personification of the fuzzy characteristics of all kinds of soft to hard upper layer upon layer, thus weakening the soft information collection, production, credit manager turned from things hard rate (J Stein, 2012).Thus community Banks can be more flexible and convenient on the examination and approval procedures, to provide customers the creditability of the material and guarantee conditions may be extended appropriately, thus better able to convenience of customers, maximize customer satisfaction.

Third, although small, community Banks but due to concentrate resources in area small and …… 此处隐藏：17532字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……