《普通语言学》课程教案(Class)

普通语言学》课程教案

普通语言学教案

2007年9月

对外经济贸易大学英语学院

普通语言学》课程教案

《普通语言学》课程授课大纲

1． 课程性质

必修课 2． 适用层次

外国语言学及应用语言学专业在职硕士研究生 3． 课时

周４学时，共1０教学周。 4． 教学目标: 使学生

对语言学形成完整的概念，熟悉基本内容，为进一步学习其它语言学课程打下基

础。

培养语言学思维。 5． 教学内容和进度

语言和语言学 词汇和形态学 句法 语言的意义 语音学

音系学

语言和心理 语言和社会 语言变化

6． 教材

主要教材：

Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2004) An Introduction to Language (7th edition). Beijing：Peking University Press.

Hu, Zhuanglin (2006) Linguistics a course book (3rd edition) Beijing: Peking

University Press.

Liu, Runqing & Xu Wen (2006) Linguistics: A New Coursebook Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 补充材料：各专题有关资料

普通语言学》课程教案

Lecture 1 Introduction to Language and

Linguistics

Objectives

1. Students should know the differences between language and other communication systems.

2. Students should have a general idea of the scope and major branches of linguistics.

3. Students should appreciate the study of language as a science.

1. What is language?

1) How do human beings communicate?

We communicate by various means. For example, we use traffic lights, we have music and images, we use language. What do we have to say about these means of communication?

Systematic Symbolic Arbitrary e.g.

Traffic lights: red, yellow, green form a system with the three colours as

components, but there are constraints on the way they occur in sequence (yellow – red – yellow – green, red – yellow – green – yellow – red, but never red – green or green – red)

What about language?

Language is a system of human communication, similar to other systems of human communication. But what is special about it?

2) What is special about language as a system of human

普通语言学》课程教案

communication?

Duality Creativity

Specific to human beings

Robins (2000:2) takes human language ―as a universal and recognizable part of human behaviour and of the human faculties, perhaps one of the most essential to human life as we know it, and one of the most far-reaching of human capabilities in relation to the whole span of mankind‘s achievements.‖

2. Origin of language: speculative in nature

Divine origin: God‘s gift to mankind

Invention: early men invented language as a result of the expression of

emotions such as fear, anger, etc.

Evolution: As man evolved from low forms of life, so language evolved as an

adjunct to early communication(pointing, gesturing, etc.) when the speech organs and nervous system fully developed for producing and perceiving speech

3. The biological foundation of language

The human brain is not unstructured, but is pided into distinct anatomical faculties directly responsible for specific cognitive functions. The brain is lateralised, with two hemispheres which are connected.

Language is the faculty localized in the left hemisphere, evidence: damage to the left hemisphere results in language disorders, e.g. Broca‘s aphasia and Wernicke‘s aphasia

Different components of language seem to be localized in different parts

普通语言学》课程教案

of the brain – the language faculty is modular

Language is autonomous: independent of other cognitive systems, evidence e.g. one can master any language without being able to take care of themselves

4. Functions of language

Transactional: transmitting propositional or factual information

Interactional: establishing and maintaining social relationships

Two versions of the same story. The information transmitted is the same, but the images projected by the way of story-telling differ. Discuss the images constructed.

Well, when I thought about it, I don’t know, it seemed to me that Gregory should be the most offensive. He showed no understanding for Abigail, when she told him what she was forced to do. He was callous, he was hypocritical, in the sense that he professed to love her, then acted like that.

What an ass that guy was, you know, her boyfriend, I should hope, if I ever did that to see you, you would shoot the guy. He uses her and he says he loves her, Roger never lies, you know what I mean?

5. What is linguistics?

General linguistics, according to Robins (2000:1), may be defined as ―the science of language.‖ It covers ―language in all its forms and manifestations, that is all the languages of the world and all the different uses to which in the various circumstances of mankind they are put.‖ (2000:2-3)

Traditionally, linguists study

phonetics, phonology - the sounds of language

the grammar of language – the way words (morphology) and sentences

(syntax) are formed

semantics – the meaning of language lexicon – vocabulary of the language

普通语言学》课程教案

In this course, we follow Fromkin et al.‘s conception of grammar as knowledge of language, which includes all the levels above mentioned, sounds, lexicon, morphology and syntax, semantics.

These may be called linguistics proper, as they focus on the ways of language without recourse to knowledge of other fields. But the scope of modern linguistics extends to tha …… 此处隐藏：11496字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……