大学英语精读第5册课文全文翻译(3)

也许是她无 意之间对她觉得会冒犯她的人的敌意，这一切把 她本应能够吸引过来的人都赶走了。同样地，一 位售货员或一位商人也会发现他实际经历过的事 趋向于“证明”他的自我心象是正确无误的。 由于有这个客观的“证明”,一个人就很难发 觉他的问题正是出在他的自我心象或他对自己的 评价上。告诉那位男生他只是“认为”自己无法学 会代数。那他就会怀疑你的判断力。他试了又试， 可成绩单却总是一样。告诉售货员他挣的钱不会

almost miraculous changes have occurred both in grades of students, and in the earning capacity of salesmen when they were prevailed upon to change their self-images. 2. The self-image can be changed. Numerous case histories have shown that one is never too young nor too old to change his self-image and thereby start to live a new life. One of the reasons it has seemed so difficult for a person to change his habits, his personality, or his way of life, has been that heretofore nearly all efforts at change have been directed to the circumference of the self, so to speak, rather than to the center. Numerous patients have said to me something like the following: "If you are talking about 'positive thinking', I've tried that before, and it just doesn't work for me." However, a little questioning invariably brings out that these individuals have employed "positive thinking," or attempted to employ it, either upon particular external circumstances, or upon some particular habit or character defect ("I will get that job." " I will be more calm and relaxed in the future." "This business venture will turn out right for me," etc.) But they had never thought to change their thinking of the "self" which was to accomplish these things. Jesus warned us about the folly of putting a patch of new material upon an old garment, or of putting new wine into old bottles. "Positive thinking" cannot be used effectively as a patch or a crutch to the same old self-image. In fact, it is literally impossible to really think positively about a particular situation, as long as you hold a negative concept of self. And, numerous experiments have shown that once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self, are accomplished easily and without strain. One of the earliest and most convincing experiments along this line was conducted by the late Prescott Lecky, one of the pioneers in self-image psychology. Lecky conceived of the personality as a "system of ideas", all of which must seem to be consistent with each other. Ideas which are inconsistent with the system are rejected, "not believed," and not acted upon. Ideas which seem to be consistent with the system are accepted. At the very center of this system of ideas -- the keystone -- the base upon which all else is built, is the individual's "ego ideal," his "self-image," or his conception of himself. Lecky

was a school teacher and had an opportunity to test his theory upon thousands of students. Lecky theorized that if a student had trouble learning a certain subject, it could be because (from the student's

超过某个数字也只是一个想法而已。他就会拿出 订单证明你错了。他太了解他曾怎样艰苦地尝试 过并失败了的。然而，就象我们将要看到的那样， 学生的成绩和售货员的业务能力几乎是奇迹般地 改变了在他们听劝改变自我心象之后。 2、自我心象能被改变。大量例子表明无论 年长或年幼都可改变自我心象并由此开始新的生 活。一个很难让人改变其生活习惯、人格或，其 生活方式的原因之一仍是：到目前为止，几乎所 有的试图改变的努力都是朝着可以说是自我的外 围，而不是中心进行的。很多病人对我说了如下 的话： “如果你要讲什么‘积极思维’我以前早试过 了，只是对我无效。”然而，如果细问一下，我们 就会明白这些人所用的“积极思维”或他们想要用 的“积极思维”,只是针对某个具体的外部情况， ""或是一些个别的习惯或性格缺陷(“我要得到那 份工作”) “以后我要更冷静和放松。” “这次商业 冒险会对我有利”等等，但是他们从未想过要改变 对将去干这些事的“自我”的看法。 耶稣警告我们把一块新布补在旧衣上，或是 把新酒倒入旧瓶中都是愚蠢的。 “积极思维”不可 能被有效地当做一个补丁或拐杖用于旧的自我心 象上。事实上，你绝对不会积极地去思考某个具 体问题，如果你是对自我持的是否定态度的话并 且，大量实验表明：一旦关于自我的概念改变了， 其他与新自我相一致的事物就很容易完成，且无 需绞尽脑汁。 已故普斯科特?莱基曾作过一个实验， 也是最 早期且最具说服力的实验之一。自我心象心理学 先驱之一，他假定个性是一个思想体系，其中所 有的思想看上去必须是相互一致、相互协调的。 与该体系不一致的思想是被排斥的，不被相信的 并且不被用作行动的指南。而与该系统相一致的 思想则被接受。在这个思想体系的最中心—核心 思想—其他思想均建立在其之上的基础思想就是 一个人的“自我概念”,他的“自我心象”,或 他对自己的否定。莱基是位学校教师，因此有机 会在学生中检验他的理论。 根据莱基的理论，如果一位学习某门功课有 困难，这可能是因为(从学生的角度看)他不合 适于那门课。然而莱基相信如果你能够改变学生 之所以有这种观点的自我认定的模式，他对那门

point of view) it would be inconsistent for him to learn it. Lecky believed, however, that if you could change the student's self-conception, which underlies this viewpoint, his attitude

toward the subject would change accordingly. If the student could be induced to change his selfdefinition, his learning ability should also change. This proved to be the case. One student who misspelled 55 words out of a hundred and flunked so many subjects that he lost credit for a year, made a general average of 91 the next year and became one of the best spellers in school. A boy who was dropped from one college because of poor grades, entered Columbia and became a straight "A" student. A girl who had flunked Latin four times, after three talks with the school counselor, finished with a grade of 84. A boy who was told by a testing bureau that he had no aptitude for English, won honorable mention the next year for a literary prize. The trouble with these students was not that they were dumb, or lacking in basic aptitudes. The trouble was an inadequate self-image ("I don' …… 此处隐藏：4941字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……