新时代交互英语读写译1-4中国文化部分翻译全集(4)

Chinese Grottoes

Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture. In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui. Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance. They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind. The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, which are composed of architecture, painting, sculptures, etc. The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become important international cultural heritage.

6 中国古典文学名著

中国古典文学包括诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种文体，艺术表现手法丰富各异。而小说中的《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》、《红楼梦》则被称为中国四大古典文学名著，至今在国内外都有着广泛而深远的影响。研读四大名著能够了解中国传统人文社会、民俗之

中南大学英语考试翻译部分内容

心理，是汲取古代文明精粹、处事为人策略与智慧的重要途径。

Chinese Classical Literature

Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci (new lyrics written to pre-existing tunes), fu (“descriptive poems” of prose-poetry),

qu (freer form based on the new popular songs and dramatic arias), and many other

styles. Its artistic expressions are various in technique. Four classics of Chinese literature are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Journey to the West, and Dream of Red Mansions, which have extensive and far-reaching significance both on a national and international level. Through reading “the four famous novels” carefully, you can experience traditional Chinese society and human culture, and folklore customs. And it is an important way to absorb the quintessence of traditional Chinese culture as well as to pick up strategies and wisdom on how toget along with others.

7 中草药

中药主要由植物药（根、茎、叶、果）、动物药（内脏、皮、骨、器官）和矿物药组成。因以植物药为主，故也称中草药。中药的应用理论独特，认为中药有四气五味。“四气”指药性的“寒热温凉” ，“五味”指药物的“辛酸甘苦咸” 。中国人探索中草药已有几千年的历史，如今中医药及其诊疗方法已传播到世界各地。

Chinese Herbal Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine mainly consists of plant medicine (roots, stems, leaves, fruits), animal medicine (viscera, skins, bones, organs), and mineral medicine. Chinese herbal medicine is based on plant medicine. According to the unique application theory of traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that it contains “four natures and five flavors.” “Four Natures” refers to the properties of “coldness, heat, mildness, and coolness,” while “five flavors” refers to the properties of being “pungent, sour,sweet, bitter, and salty.” It is said that Chinese people have been conducting research into herbal medicine for thousands of years. Nowadays, traditional Chinese medicine and its therapeutic methods have extensively been spread to the far corners of the globe.

8中国瓷器

瓷器是中华民族对世界文明的伟大贡献。早在八千年前的新石器时代，中国的先民就发明使用了陶器。商代（前1600-前1046）中期创造出了原始瓷器。汉代（前206-公元220）末期烧制出成熟的青瓷。以后瓷器由中国传播到世界各地，中国也博得了“瓷之国” 的称号。英文中“瓷器(china)”一词已成为“中国”的代名词。

Chinese Porcelain

Porcelain is regarded as one of China’s outstanding contributions to the world’s civilization. As early as the Neolithic Age about 8,000 years ago, the Chinese ancestors invented and began to use pottery. Proto-porcelain was invented in the mid-Shang Dynasty (1600BC-1046BC). Celadon was molded in the late Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD). From then on, porcelain was introduced by China to the rest of the world. China was therefore dubbed the “porcelain country.” In English, the word “china” has become a word that represents “China.”

中南大学英语考试翻译部分内容

Book 4

1剪纸

剪纸又叫刻纸、窗花或剪画。剪纸在纸的发明之前就已经流行，当时人们运用金箔、绢帛、皮革等片状材料，通过镂空雕刻的技法制成工艺品。汉代（前206-公元220），纸张的发明促使了剪纸的发展与普及。民间剪纸的题材多来源于现实生活，充满纳福迎祥的主题，表达对美好生活的向往。

Paper-cutting

Paper-cutting (otherwise known as jianzhi) is also called kezhi, chuanghua or

jianhua. Paper –cutting was popular even before paper was invented. When there was

no paper, people carved on gold leaf, silk, feathers, and so on, with a carving technique known as hollow-cutting to make handicrafts. In the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220AD), the invention if paper promoted the development and popularity of paper-cutting. The folk themes of the paper-cutting are rooted in real life, filled with the themes of enjoying a life of ease and comfort, and expressing the desire for a happy life.

2儒家思想

儒家思想也称为儒学，有春秋（前770 年-前476 年）末期伟大的思想家、教育家孔子所创立。历代代表人物有孟子、董仲舒、朱熹、王阳明等。主要经典有：四书（《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》），五经（《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《春秋》）等。儒家学派以“仁、义、礼、智、信”为核心内容，构成了其伦理思想体系，是中国古代长达两千余年封建社会的主流意识。

Confucianism

Confucian thought, also called Confucianism, was established by Confucius, a great thinker and educator who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Some representatives of Confucianism throughout Chinese history include Mencius, Dong Zhongshu, Zhu Xi, and Wang Yangming. The main classics of Confucianism are the Four Books (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The

Analects of Confucius, and Mencius) and the Five Classics (Zhouyi, Shangshu

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