《研究生英语高级教程》教师用书(4)

[14] 1996年11月，塞内加尔内政部长没有注意到一个站在旁边的人拿着接通的手机，

研究生英语教材

当承认地方选举有舞弊行为时被曝光。选举宣告无效。2000年，在该国总统选举中，电台派记者到每个计票站，并给他们配备了手机。每个选区的结果宣布后，记者就向电台打电话报告结果，然后电台马上播报。这就减少了选举作弊的机会，使得权力交接顺利进行，落选的总统很快承认失败。

[15] 监视技术广泛使用的社会效应仍不明朗。《透明社会》一书的作者戴维〃布雷恩提

出，这将导致自我约束：毕竟，偷窥者不是很受欢迎。在饭店里，一般来说，被发现正盯着别人看比让人看到自己胡子上沾着面包屑更尴尬。他指出，美国有句格言说， 一个武装的社会是有礼貌的社会 ，依此类推， 一个用照相机‘武装’的社会可能会变得更有礼貌 。布雷恩先生说，换句话说，摄像机及其他监视技术的无处不在可能最终使人更加循规蹈矩，因为他们会压抑个性以免他人过多地注意自己。

[16] 正如隐私权倡导者一直警告的那样，受人监视的社会即将到来，但并不是以他们想像的那种形态出现。注视着每个人的不仅仅只有 老大哥 ——还有越来越多的小兄弟。

研究生英语教材

Unit 3

When Ancient Artifacts Become Political Pawns

Background Information

1. Nefertiti: (14th century B.C.) Queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (ruled 1535-1336 B.C.). She is known for her portrait bust found at Tell el-Amarna, the king‘s new capital. She may have been an Asian princess from Mitanni. She appears with Akhenaton in reliefs at Tell el-Amarna and followed his new cult of the sun god Aton. Of her six daughters, two became queens of Egypt. In the 12th year of Akhenaton‘s reign, she either retired after losing favor or died.

2. Neues Museum: (―New Museum‖) A museum in Berlin, Germany, located to the north of Altes Museum (Old Museum) on Museum Island. It was built between 1843 and 1855 according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler, a student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The museum was closed at the beginning of World War II in 1939, and was heavily damaged during the bombing of Berlin. The rebuilding was overseen by the English architect David Chipperfield. The museum officially reopened in October 2009. Exhibits include the Egyptian and Prehistory and Early History collections, as it did before the war. The artifacts it houses include the iconic bust of the Egyptian queen Nefertiti.

3. Gate of Ishtar: Enormous burnt-brick double entryway built in the ancient city of Babylon about 575 B.C. The gate was more than 12 meters high and was decorated with glazed brick reliefs. Through the gatehouse ran the stone- and brick-paved Processional Way. Some 120 brick lions lined the street and some 575 dragons and bulls, in 13 rows, adorned the gate.

4. Farouk Hosny (or Hosniappointed in 1987 to his current position of During his tenure, he expanded state-run exhibition spaces and initiated various cultural programs, including the Modern Dance Troupe and School, the Cairo History Rehabilitation Project (which included a and the Cultural Development Fund. In 2005, Hosny tendered his resignation to President in the wake of the in which 48 spectators were killed and more injured. Mubarak rejected Hosny‘s resignation, in response to the pleas of some 400 high-profile intellectuals.

On July 30, 2007, Egypt nominated Hosny to succeed as

Director-General of the (UNESCO) and began a campaign to have him elected to the position. No Arab had previously held the position. Hosny was regarded as certain to win the September 2009 election, but his May 2008 pledge to burn Israel books in Egyptian libraries sparked doubts about his suitability for the position and strengthened opposition to his candidacy. Despite the opposition, Hosny was still expected to win by a large margin, receiving pledges of support from the September 22, 2009, Hosny lost the UNESCO election in a stunning upset in the fifth and final ‘s 27. In the fourth

研究生英语教材

round of voting, the two candidates were tied at 29 votes each. Hosny blamed his defeat on

―Zionist pressures‖ as well as a conspiracy by ―a group of the world‘s Jews who had a major

influence in the elections...‖ He also attacked the US Ambassador at UNESCO, David Killion,

for derailing his election and stated, ―The north always has to control the south.‖

Language Points

1. The forces of nationalism love to exploit culture because it’s symbolic, economically

potent and couches identity politics in a legal context that tends to pit David against

Goliath: People who take pride in their own country are apt to make use of culture because 1)

it is often used as a symbol; 2) it is potentially lucrative; and 3) it serves as a legal means for

identity politics which often sets one in competition against another.

2. Mr. Hosny would have been the first Arab to land the job, and Egypt’s president, Hosni

Mubarak, had banked a not insignificant amount of his own prestige on the minister’s

getting it: Mr. Hosny would have been the first Arab to secure the job, and Egypt‘s president,

Hosni Mubarak, had invested an unusual amount of his social position in Mr. Hosny‘s

winning.

3. Nothing is more distant to me than racism, the negation of others and the desire to hurt

Jewish culture or any other culture: I can hardly stand such evils as racism, the denial of

others and the desire to hurt Jewish culture or any other culture.

4. But the larger truth is that all patrimony arguments ultimately live or die in the morally

murky realm of global relations: But the more important fact is that whether an argument

concerning inheritance is sound or not finally depends on global relations which are morally

corrupt.

5. That argument was ―amplified by a government eager to limit its embarrassment after

having staked its credibility‖ on him: That claim was highlighted by the Egypt government

as it was eager to lessen its embarrassment after puttin …… 此处隐藏：4977字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……