《泛读教程》III_Unit_6_Vocabulary_Change(2)

10.vice: sin, crime

11.ensemble: set of clothes worn together, as a whole, all together,

12.lingerie: night gown; pajama

13.suede: leather with a soft brushed surface

14.rouge: blusher, make up, lipstick

15.deluxe: luxurious

16.delicatessen: a store that sells good quality cooked meat, cheese, and food from other

countries

17.sonata奏鸣曲

18.soprano：女高音

19.trombone：长号，拉管

20.serenade:小夜曲

21.bandanna:大头巾

22.sari：莎丽

23.bangle：bracelet; armlet; wristlet

24.alchemy：炼金术，魔法

25.almanac：日历，年鉴，历书

26.algebra：代数

27.polysyllabic:多音节的

28.doublet: 同源异形或义的同源词

29.levee: dock,

30.prairie: plain

31.mesa: plateau, highland

32.patio: terrace, yard, veranda,天井，院子

33.fatcakes

34.smearcase: cottage cheese

35.coleslaw:凉拌卷心菜

36.stoop：游廊

37.squash: 西葫芦, 2.〔英国〕果汁汽水

38.moccasin: a soft leather shoe with a flat heel, (北美印地安人等穿的)鹿皮靴；硬底软(拖)鞋；

(南美)有毒水蛇；噬鱼蛇

39.squaw: 北美印地安女人，印第安人的妻子

40.wigwam: tall tent used in the past by some native Americans as their home(印第安人的)棚屋

41.banjo: 班卓琴

42.gumbo：浓汤，秋葵荚

43.voodoo：伏都教徒，黑人巫师

44.marriage of convenience: a marriage in which the partners have married, not because they

love each other, but in order to obtain some benefit, such as the right to live in the other partner’s country.

45.Decidedly: definitely, absolutely

46.Salon: hair salon; beauty salon; rendezvous, get-together

47.masseur :男按摩师

48.Ghoul: 1: a legendary evil being that robs graves and feeds on corpses

2:one suggestive of a ghoul; especially:one who shows morbid interest in things considered shocking or repulsive—ghoul·ish adjective;

—ghoul·ish·ly adverb; —ghoul·ish·ness noun

Synonym: ghost, phantom

49.Hickory: a North American tree that produces nuts

Narrowing and Widening

50.Behold: look on

51.Likewise: similarly

52.Slowworm: 蛇蜥

53.Blindworm: 蛇蜥

54.Glowworm: 萤火虫

55.uterus: womb

56.wife of Bath: 见The Wife of Bath's Tale专页

57.the Norman Conquest: see also《国概》

Norman conquest of England

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

changed significantly after earlier Scandinavian invasions. It is not known precisely how much English the Norman invaders learned, nor how much the knowledge of French spread among the lower classes, but the demands of trade and basic communication probably meant that at least some of the Normans and native English were

bilingual.[115] Nevertheless it is known that William the Conqueror himself never developed a working knowledge of English and for centuries afterward English was not well understood by the nobility.[116]

Immigration and intermarriage

Society

The Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy. William became known as William the Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, defeating King Harold II of England. Harold's army had been badly depleted in the English victory at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in Northern England on 25 September 1066 over the army of King Harald III of Norway. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued until approximately 1088.

The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speakingmonarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England.

By bringing England under the control of rulers originating in France, the Norman conquest linked the country more closely with continental Europe, lessened Scandinavian influence, and also set the stage for a rivalry with France that would continue intermittently for many centuries. It also had important consequences for the rest of the British Isles, paving the way for further Norman conquests in Wales and Ireland, and the extensive penetration of the aristocracy of Scotland by Norman and other French-speaking families, with the accompanying spread of continental institutions and cultural influences.

P87 Glossary

1.mother tongue：母语

2.spoken language：口语

3.written language：书面语

4.living language：正在使用的语言

5.artificial language：计算机/人工语言

6.Queen’s English：英语普通话

7.Standard English：标准英语

8.Received pronunciation：标准发音

9.Cockney:伦敦佬

10.pidgin English：洋泾浜英语

11.dialect：方言

12.vernacular：本国语，本地话，土话

13.etymology：词源

14.semantics：语义学

15.linguistics：语言学

16.bilingual：双语

17.Anglicism：英国风格，英国说法，英国惯用语

18.Americanism：美国派，美式，美国习惯

19.Slang：俚语

20.Vulgarism：粗俗话

21.Colloquialism：口头表达

22.Euphemism: understatement, 委婉语

23.Byword: 俗话，谚语

24.Jargon: terminology, slang

nguage acquisition: 语言习得

26.Lexicographer: a person who does the job of editing a dictionary

27.OED: Oxford English dictionary

After reading questions

1. What is the nationality of the writer? How do you know?

2. Does the writer have prejudice against other peoples? Give proof to your answer.

3. Explore other forms of word change and give your statement of them. Reference books for word change

现代英语词汇学概论/张韵斐主编第3版

英语词汇学/汪榕培，王之江主编

实用英语词汇学/汪榕培，李冬编著

英语词 …… 此处隐藏：3418字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……