岩溶流域水文模型研究进展(4)

AdvanceinKarstHydrologicalModel

MENGHaihua,WANGLachun

(SchoolofGeographicandOceanographicSciences,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,China)

Abstract：Theaquifersystemofkarsthasfeaturesofcomplexityandmultiplicity,andtheresearchesonkarsthy-drologicaleffectsandwaterresourcesforecastaredifficult.Anumberofmodelshavebeendevelopedinthekarstareastosimulatesurfacerunoff,undergrounddynamicsandtransfersbetweenthemsincethe1960s,whichincludeblack-boxmodels,conceptualmodelsandphysicalmodels.Eachtypecanaddressspecificissuesinthefieldofsimulatingrunoff,andmeanwhile,hasitsowndrawbacksandlimits.(1)Blank-boxmodels,includingkernelfunction,regressionequation,stochasticmodels,artificialneuralnetworkandwavelettheory,areoftenwelladaptedtodeciphertheiroverallbehavior,buttheyhavethedisadvantageofnotprovidinganyunderstand-ingofthephysicalmechanismsoftheaquiferandlackingpredictivepower.(2)Conceptualmodelsarebasedonsimplifiedphysicalinterpretationoftheprocessesoftransforminginputtooutput,includingreservoirmodelsandmultipleexponentialrecessionalresponseelements.Ingeneral,themoldersofthiscategoryareidealinmod-elingcaseswithinsufficientdata,buttheycannotapplylocalizedinformationforwaterlevelfluctuation.(3)Physicalmodelsareconsideredtobethosewhichcansimulatebothdiffuseflowinthematrixandtheflowinthepipes,thesemodelsrequireverygoodknowledgeoftheaquifersystemsandtheyhavetoomanyparametersneedtobecalibrated.Atpresent,intermsofspatial/temporalcomplexity,datascarcityandphysicalaquiferprop-erties,avarietyofcommonissuesstilltroublekarsthydrologicalmodelers.Thetendenciesoffuturekarsthydro-logicalmodelsmainlymanifestthemselvesinthefollowingaspects:addressingproblemsintermsofphysicalfeaturesofhydrologicbehaviorandnonlinearityofkarstaquifers,studyingkarstwatercycle,analyzingthechar-acteristicsandregionaldifferentiationofallstorageforms,applyingnewtechnology,methodsanddistributedmodelstodefinequantitativelyandpreciselythedistributionofsubsurfacedrainage,developinghydrologicalmodelswhichcanbeappliedtomanykarstareas,establishingoptimumparametersdatabase,andincorporatingtheeco-hydrologyresponseandwaterresourcesassessmentinhydrologicalmodels.Keywords:karstbasin;hydrologicalmodel;researchprogress本文引用格式：

蒙海花,王腊春.岩溶流域水文模型研究进展.地理科学进展,2010,29(11):1311-1318.