一个基于matlab的建模与仿真软件包的电动和混合动力电动汽车的设(3)

TheV-Elphpackageincludesplottingtoolsthatprovidegraphicaldisplaysofoutputvariablesgeneratedduringsimu-lationstudies.Also,V-ElphprovidesamechanismtofacilitatethestudyofvariousaspectsrelatedtoelectricandhybridEVdrivetraindesignsuchascontrolstrategiesandvehiclecon gurations(e.g.,EVandHEV).Thefollowing guresillustratetheresultsofvarioussimulationstudiesconductedusingthefourdrivecycleswiththe vevehiclecon gurations.Fig.12showsaplotofelectricmotor(EM)torqueandICEtorqueversustimeforthedrivecycleoneappliedto

the

Fig.9.FTP-75urbandrivecycle—drivecycle

two.

Fig.10.Federalhighwaydrivecycle—drivecycle

three.

muterdrivecycle—drivecyclefour.

parallelvehicleusingcontrolstrategy1.Itillustrateshowtheelectricmotortorqueincreaseswiththeincreaseinvehiclespeed.Whenthevehiclereachescruisingspeed,theelectricmotortorquereducestoaslightlynegativeconstantvaluewhiletheICEtorquemaintainsaconstantvalue.Thenduringthedecelerationphaseofthedrivecycle,theICEtorqueisatitsidlingtorquewhiletheelectricmotortorqueisprovidinganegativetorque,operatingingeneratingmode.

BUTLERetal.:MATLAB-BASEDMODELINGANDSIMULATIONPACKAGE

Fig.12.EMtorqueandICEtorquefordrivecycleoneappliedtotheparallelvehiclewithcontrolstrategy

1.

(a)

(b)

Fig.13.(a)EMtorqueforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoparallelvehiclewithcontrolstrategy1.(b)ICEtorqueforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoparallelvehiclewithcontrolstrategy1.

Fig.13and14showthesplitoftheICEandelectricmotortorqueforcontrolstrategies1and2.

Fig.15and16showtheEMtorqueforthefederalurbandrivecycleappliedtotheserieshybridEVandEVwhicharesimilarbecauseforbothvehiclestheelectricmachineisthesolesourceofpropulsion.InFigs.17and18,thedifferencesinthebatterycurrentforthetwotestcasesareillustrated;thebatterycurrentislargerfortheEVthantheseriesHEV.TableVshowsasummaryofresultsgeneratedbytheV-Elphpackageduringtheapplicationofthefourdrivecyclestothe vevehicledrivetrains.Theweightandcontrolcomplexityisincludedinthetableforeachvehicledrivetrain.Thecontrolcomplexitywasdeterminedbyassessingthecomplexityofthesystemcontrollerusedtomanipulatethecomponentsprovidingpropulsiontothewheels,e.g.,thecontrollerfortheparallelHEVcontrolstheICEandelectricmachine.Foreachdrivecyclethefollowingparametersweretabulated:plex

equations

1775

(a)

(b)

Fig.14.(a)EMtorqueforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoparallelvehiclewithcontrolstrategy2.(b)ICEtorqueforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoparallelvehiclewithcontrolstrategy

2.

Fig.15.EMtorqueforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoseries

HEV.

Fig.16.EMtorqueforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoEV.

developedbyRamachandrain1975[33]areimplementedintheV-Elphpackagetocomputetheemissions.Thefuelconsumptioniscomputedasthetotaldistancetraveleddividedbythetotalfuelconsumedduringthedrivecycle.AfuelrateiscomputedbasedonworkbyPowell[29]andthenintegratedoverthetimeofthedrivecycletoyieldthefuelconsumed.Generalobservationsofthecomparisonoftheconventionalvehicletothenewtechnologyvehiclesshowthat:thefuelconsumptionimprovedforeachoftheHEV’swhichyieldeda

1776IEEETRANSACTIONSONVEHICULARTECHNOLOGY,VOL.48,NO.6,NOVEMBER1999

COMPARISONSBETWEEN

TABLEV

VARIOUSVEHICLEDRIVETRAINC

ONFIGURATIONS

reductioninemissions.IngenerallycomparingtheEVtotheHEV’s,thebatteryusagewasless.

Theresultsfortheurbandrivecycle,whichiscomposedofmanyquickaccelerationanddecelerationinstances,showanimprovementinthefuelconsumptionfortheparallelHEVandseriesHEVcomparedtotheconventionalvehicle.Alsotheengineemissionsweregreatlyreduced.FromFigs.15and16,itwasnotedearlierthattheEMtorqueareverysimilarforthefederalurbandrivecycleappliedtotheseriesHEVandEV.However,thedifferenceintheirchangeinthebatteryusageareduetotheinclusionoftheICEintheseriesHEVwhichusesthisfuelsourcetoprovidepowertorechargethebatteries.

ThestrategyofthecontrollerfortheparallelHEVusingcontrolstrategy1wastominimizetheuseoftheICE.Fig.13(a)and(b)showsthedivisionoftheICEandEMtorquefortheurbandrivecycleappliedtotheparallelvehicledrivetrainusingcontrolstrategy1.TheICEtorqueisonlygeneratedwhenthedemandedvehiclespeedisgreaterthan60km/h.Hence,themotorprovidesmostofthepowertothewheelsduringthedrivecycle.ThisbehaviorcanbeseenbycomparingtheenergyusagefortheseriesHEVof2.82MJ

BUTLERetal.:MATLAB-BASEDMODELINGANDSIMULATIONPACKAGE

Fig.17.

Batterycurrentforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoseries

HEV.

Fig.18.BatterycurrentforfederalurbandrivecycleappliedtoEV.

andfortheparallelHEVusingcontrolstrategy1of2.67MJwhichshowsthatthemotorintheparallelHEVisusedalmostasmuchasthemotorintheseriesHEV.Thus,thefuelconsumption(km/l)fortheparallelHEVusingcontrolstrategy1isextremelylargeduetotheminimalusageoftheICE.MinimizationoftheICEthrottleisthecontrolstrategyfortheparallelHEVusingcontrolstrategy2.TheICEthrottlepositionisdeterminedusingthesteady-stateload(aerodynamicdragandfriction)requiredataparticularvehiclespeed.Incomparingtheperformanceofthisdrivetrainusingtheurbanandhighwaydrivecycles,thefuelconsumption,thekilometerstraveledperliter,fortheurbancycleisgreaterbecausethemotorisusedmoreduringtheurbancyclethanthehighwaycycle.

Furthermore,thedifferencesintheperformanceofthetwocontrolstrategiesforaparallelHEVarealsoillustratedbycomparingthefuelconsumptionandenergyusageoftheparallelHEV’sforthefederalurbandrivecycle.

SincethebatterypackisthesolepowersupplierintheEV,itsenergyusageisgreaterthantheparallelorserieshybridvehicles,asexpected.

V.CONCLUSION

Thispaperdiscussedanewdrivetrainmodeling,simulation,andanalysispackagedevelopedatTexasA&MUniversityusingMatlab/SimulinktostudyissuesrelatedtoEVandHEVdesignsuchasenergyef ciency,fueleconomy,andvehicleemissions.Thepackageusesvisualprogrammingtechniques,allowingtheusertoquicklychangearchitectures,parameters,andtoviewoutputdatagraphically.Italsoincludesdetailedmodelsofelectricmotors,internalcombustionengines,andbatteries.Thedes …… 此处隐藏：5765字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……