过去分词作定语和表语1

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Unit 1 Grammar

The Past Participle (1) as the Attributive and Predicative

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Polluted air and water are harmful to our health. attribute定语 She looked very excited. predicative 表语

I'm going to have my hair cut. object complement

宾补Seen form the hill,the park looks very nice. adverbial状语

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Translation 一支点燃的蜡烛 a lighted candle

一枚用过的邮票a used stamp

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一枚破损的硬币 a broken coin

一名退休教师 a retired teacher

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一个受伤的手指 an injured finger

一个醉鬼 a drunken man

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Past Participle as the Attributive Example: So many thousands of terrified people died … Now find more examples in the reading passage.

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1. But he became inspired when hethought about helping ordinary

people exposed to cholera.2. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.

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3. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump … 4. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the

virus.

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A 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被 动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。 e.g. a lost animal (一只迷路的动物) cooked food fried chips (熟食) (炸土豆条)

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注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被 动意义。 e.g. spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习

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少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词

的过去分词只有完成的意义。a fallen leave 一片落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 by-gone days 过去的岁月

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B 过去分词作定语的位置： 单个过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰 词之前。过去分词短语作定语通常放在 被修饰词之后，作后置定语。e.g. How I regretted the hours wasted in the farm! 我多懊悔在农场上浪费的时光啊! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth. 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago. 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。

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C 过去分词作定语时时，相当于一 个定语从句e.g. How I regretted the hours wasted in the farm! How I regretted the hours (which were) wasted in the farm! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth. I like wearing clothes (which were) made of this kind of cloth. We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago. We’ll go to visit the bridge (which was ) built hundreds of years ago.

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Twenty Years Later Twenty years later, I’ll be a retired teacher Seated by the side of a clear river Watching the risen sun in summer Enjoying the fallen leaves in autumn And appreciating faded flowers in winter Twenty years later, I’ll be a lady contented with life Accompanied by another day dreamer Dreaming there’s no polluted water admiring sunshine on my shoulder ***过去分词充当 (Attributive)定语 1.少数不及物动词的

过去分词只有________的意义。 完成 2.及物动词的过去分词含有________________的意义; 被动及完成可以改写成__________。 定语从句

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现在分词和过去分词 做定语，有何区别呢 ？

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区别 1 fallen leaves

falling leaves

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boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun

正在沸腾的水 已经烧开的水 正在升起的太阳 升起了的太阳

V-ing表动作正在进行， V-ed表动作已经完成

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the changing world (正在变化的) the changed world (变化了的)fading flowers (正在凋谢的) faded flowers (已经凋谢的) a developing country (发展中的) a developed country (发达的)

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区别 21. disappointing news disappointed people 2. exciting story excited people 3. tired people tiring holiday 1. 令人失望的消息 感到失望的人们 2. 激动人心的故事 (感到)激动的人们 3. 累了的人 累人的假日

V-ed V-ing

感到…的 令人…的